SFS Wave 2 - Codebook

Meta-Data

Information / Read Me

If there are any questions about the data set or requests to share data, please direct them to: Menzner@em.uni-frankfurt.de.

Information about randomized display orders

This survey includes many randomizations - both in explicitly designed experiments and in order to avoid and detect ordering effects. In each section of the following overview, first descriptive statistics will be presented for the contextual variables followed by a table-style overview of randomization variables. These include:

1. Variables starting with “io_” denote the displayed item order within a larger answer matrix underneath a single question.
2. Variables starting with “qo_” denote the displayed question order within a question block.
3. Variables starting with “bo_” denote the displayed block order within the overall survey flow.
4. Additional contextual randomizations (e.g. within question phrasing) are explained explicitly within their respective section.

Note, that generally the presented descriptive data is the average over all randomizations. For some select, relevant cases, we also present the descriptive data for the singular randomization conditions.

General Items

Variable	Label	Stats / Values	Freqs (% of Valid)	Graph	Valid
attentioncheck [labelled, factor]	Attention Check To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statement? 2 + 2 = 5	1. Failed 2. Passed	101 ( 8.6% ) 1074 ( 91.4% )		1175 (100.0%)
suspicious [labelled, numeric]	Logical Inconsistencies This variable records the number of logical inconsistencies a respondent reported in the survey	Min : 0 Mean : 0 Max : 1	0 : 1172 ( 99.7% ) 1 : 3 ( 0.3% )		1175 (100.0%)
duration [labelled, numeric]	Survey Duration (in seconds)	Mean (sd) : 1884.9 (4672.2) min ≤ med ≤ max: 273 ≤ 1212 ≤ 85558 IQR (CV) : 772 (2.5)	889 distinct values		1175 (100.0%)

• start denotes date and time the respondent started the survey
• end denotes date and time the respondent finished the survey

Experiment: Tolerance on the Internet

Descriptive Overview

Variable	Label	Stats / Values	Freqs (% of Valid)	Graph	Valid
tol_whiteracist_post [labelled, factor]	Allowed to Post: White Racist Some say it is important to protect free speech in social media and the internet (e.g. Facebook). Others say it is important to protect people in social media and the internet from insulting and dangerous content. Please imagine a person who thinks that all white people behave racist in day-to-day life. If this person publishes a post on social media (on the internet), in which he / she claims that all white people behave racist in day-to-day life: Should he / she be allowed to post this or not?	1. Not Allowed 2. Allowed 3. Don't Know	289 ( 51.4% ) 215 ( 38.3% ) 58 ( 10.3% )		562 (47.8%)
tol_whiteracist_delete [labelled, factor]	Delete Post: White Racist If other users were to report this person to the operator of the social media platform and would demand the post to be deleted: Would you be in favour of or against deleting the post?	1. Delete 2. Don't Delete 3. Don't Know	306 ( 54.3% ) 191 ( 33.9% ) 67 ( 11.9% )		564 (48.0%)
tol_whiteracist_ban [labelled, factor]	Ban Poster: White Racist If the operator of the social media platform decided to permanently ban the described person from the platform: Would you be in favour of or against such a permanent ban?	1. Ban 2. No Ban 3. Don't Know	184 ( 32.6% ) 295 ( 52.3% ) 85 ( 15.1% )		564 (48.0%)
tol_ethnic_post [labelled, factor]	Allowed to Post: Ethnic Some say it is important to protect free speech in social media and the internet (e.g. Facebook). Others say it is important to protect people in social media and the internet from insulting and dangerous content. Please imagine a person who thinks that some ethnic grouüs are naturally less intelligent than others. If this person publishes a post on social media (on the internet), in which he / she claims that some ethnic groups are naturally less intelligent than others: Should he / she be allowed to post this or not?	1. Not Allowed 2. Allowed 3. Don't Know	332 ( 58.7% ) 183 ( 32.3% ) 51 ( 9.0% )		566 (48.2%)
tol_ethnic_delete [labelled, factor]	Delete Post: Ethnic If other users were to report this person to the operator of the social media platform and would demand the post to be deleted: Would you be in favour of or against deleting the post?	1. Delete 2. Don't Delete 3. Don't Know	355 ( 62.7% ) 163 ( 28.8% ) 48 ( 8.5% )		566 (48.2%)
tol_ethnic_ban [labelled, factor]	Ban Poster: Ethnic If the operator of the social media platform decided to permanently ban the described person from the platform: Would you be in favour of or against such a permanent ban?	1. Ban 2. No Ban 3. Don't Know	202 ( 35.7% ) 287 ( 50.7% ) 77 ( 13.6% )		566 (48.2%)
tol_borders_post [labelled, factor]	Allowed to Post: Borders Some say it is important to protect free speech in social media and the internet (e.g. Facebook). Others say it is important to protect people in social media and the internet from insulting and dangerous content. Please imagine a person who thinks that all borders and nationstates should be abolished. If this person publishes a post on social media (on the internet), in which he / she claims that all borders and nationstates should be abolished: Should he / she be allowed to post this or not?	1. Not Allowed 2. Allowed 3. Don't Know	101 ( 17.5% ) 418 ( 72.4% ) 58 ( 10.1% )		577 (49.1%)
tol_borders_delete [labelled, factor]	Delete Post: Borders If other users were to report this person to the operator of the social media platform and would demand the post to be deleted: Would you be in favour of or against deleting the post?	1. Delete 2. Don't Delete 3. Don't Know	115 ( 19.9% ) 394 ( 68.3% ) 68 ( 11.8% )		577 (49.1%)
tol_borders_ban [labelled, factor]	Ban Poster: Borders If the operator of the social media platform decided to permanently ban the described person from the platform: Would you be in favour of or against such a permanent ban?	1. Ban 2. No Ban 3. Don't Know	80 ( 13.9% ) 430 ( 74.5% ) 67 ( 11.6% )		577 (49.1%)
tol_immigration_post [labelled, factor]	Allowed to Post: Immigration Some say it is important to protect free speech in social media and the internet (e.g. Facebook). Others say it is important to protect people in social media and the internet from insulting and dangerous content. Please imagine a person who thinks that all forms of immigration into Germany should be stopped. If this person publishes a post on social media (on the internet), in which he / she claims that all forms of immigration into Germany should be stopped: Should he / she be allowed to post this or not?	1. Not Allowed 2. Allowed 3. Don't Know	133 ( 22.5% ) 408 ( 68.9% ) 51 ( 8.6% )		592 (50.4%)
tol_immigration_delete [labelled, factor]	Delete Post: Immigration If other users were to report this person to the operator of the social media platform and would demand the post to be deleted: Would you be in favour of or against deleting the post?	1. Delete 2. Don't Delete 3. Don't Know	161 ( 27.2% ) 364 ( 61.5% ) 67 ( 11.3% )		592 (50.4%)
tol_immigration_ban [labelled, factor]	Ban Poster: Immigration If the operator of the social media platform decided to permanently ban the described person from the platform: Would you be in favour of or against such a permanent ban?	1. Ban 2. No Ban 3. Don't Know	98 ( 16.6% ) 420 ( 70.9% ) 74 ( 12.5% )		592 (50.4%)
tol_sexability_post [labelled, factor]	Allowed to Post: Sex Ability Some say it is important to protect free speech in social media and the internet (e.g. Facebook). Others say it is important to protect people in social media and the internet from insulting and dangerous content. Please imagine a person who thinks that differences in the abilities of men and women are biologically predisposed. If this person publishes a post on social media (on the internet), in which he / she claims that differences in the abilities of men and women are biologically predisposed: Should he / she be allowed to post this or not?	1. Not Allowed 2. Allowed 3. Don't Know	88 ( 14.8% ) 446 ( 74.8% ) 62 ( 10.4% )		596 (50.7%)
tol_sexability_delete [labelled, factor]	Delete Post: Sex Ability If other users were to report this person to the operator of the social media platform and would demand the post to be deleted: Would you be in favour of or against deleting the post?	1. Delete 2. Don't Delete 3. Don't Know	100 ( 16.8% ) 417 ( 70.0% ) 79 ( 13.3% )		596 (50.7%)
tol_sexability_ban [labelled, factor]	Ban Poster: Sex Ability If the operator of the social media platform decided to permanently ban the described person from the platform: Would you be in favour of or against such a permanent ban?	1. Ban 2. No Ban 3. Don't Know	54 ( 9.1% ) 464 ( 77.9% ) 78 ( 13.1% )		596 (50.7%)
tol_gender_post [labelled, factor]	Allowed to Post: Gender Some say it is important to protect free speech in social media and the internet (e.g. Facebook). Others say it is important to protect people in social media and the internet from insulting and dangerous content. Please imagine a person who thinks that the gender of a person is not innate, but autonomosly chosen. If this person publishes a post on social media (on the internet), in which he / she claims that the gender of a person is not innate, but autonomosly chosen: Should he / she be allowed to post this or not?	1. Not Allowed 2. Allowed 3. Don't Know	97 ( 16.6% ) 428 ( 73.3% ) 59 ( 10.1% )		584 (49.7%)
tol_gender_delete [labelled, factor]	Delete Post: Gender If other users were to report this person to the operator of the social media platform and would demand the post to be deleted: Would you be in favour of or against deleting the post?	1. Delete 2. Don't Delete 3. Don't Know	120 ( 20.5% ) 393 ( 67.2% ) 72 ( 12.3% )		585 (49.8%)
tol_gender_ban [labelled, factor]	Ban Poster: Gender If the operator of the social media platform decided to permanently ban the described person from the platform: Would you be in favour of or against such a permanent ban?	1. Ban 2. No Ban 3. Don't Know	68 ( 11.6% ) 452 ( 77.3% ) 65 ( 11.1% )		585 (49.8%)
tol_climademo_post [labelled, factor]	Allowed to Post: Climate & Democracy Some say it is important to protect free speech in social media and the internet (e.g. Facebook). Others say it is important to protect people in social media and the internet from insulting and dangerous content. Please imagine a person who thinks that it is more important to save the climate, than to protect democracy. If this person publishes a post on social media (on the internet), in which he / she claims that it is more important to save the climate, than to protect democracy: Should he / she be allowed to post this or not?	1. Not Allowed 2. Allowed 3. Don't Know	123 ( 20.2% ) 404 ( 66.3% ) 82 ( 13.5% )		609 (51.8%)
tol_climademo_delete [labelled, factor]	Delete Post: Climate & Democracy If other users were to report this person to the operator of the social media platform and would demand the post to be deleted: Would you be in favour of or against deleting the post?	1. Delete 2. Don't Delete 3. Don't Know	145 ( 23.8% ) 380 ( 62.4% ) 84 ( 13.8% )		609 (51.8%)
tol_climademo_ban [labelled, factor]	Ban Poster: Climate & Democracy If the operator of the social media platform decided to permanently ban the described person from the platform: Would you be in favour of or against such a permanent ban?	1. Ban 2. No Ban 3. Don't Know	84 ( 13.8% ) 442 ( 72.6% ) 83 ( 13.6% )		609 (51.8%)
tol_climameasure_post [labelled, factor]	Allowed to Post: Climate Measures Some say it is important to protect free speech in social media and the internet (e.g. Facebook). Others say it is important to protect people in social media and the internet from insulting and dangerous content. Please imagine a person who thinks that the measures against climate change are more harmful than climate change itself. If this person publishes a post on social media (on the internet), in which he / she claims that the measures against climate change are more harmful than climate change itself: Should he / she be allowed to post this or not?	1. Not Allowed 2. Allowed 3. Don't Know	124 ( 20.3% ) 434 ( 71.0% ) 53 ( 8.7% )		611 (52.0%)
tol_climameasure_delete [labelled, factor]	Delete Post: Climate Measures If other users were to report this person to the operator of the social media platform and would demand the post to be deleted: Would you be in favour of or against deleting the post?	1. Delete 2. Don't Delete 3. Don't Know	155 ( 25.4% ) 378 ( 61.9% ) 78 ( 12.8% )		611 (52.0%)
tol_climameasure_ban [labelled, factor]	Ban Poster: Climate Measures If the operator of the social media platform decided to permanently ban the described person from the platform: Would you be in favour of or against such a permanent ban?	1. Ban 2. No Ban 3. Don't Know	87 ( 14.2% ) 448 ( 73.3% ) 76 ( 12.4% )		611 (52.0%)

Randomization Variables

Note: Every respondent got presented four out of the ten available statements. For all other statements, respondents have the Value ‘NA’. Unfortunately, it is not recorded in which order the statements were presented.

Internet & Social Media

Descriptive Overview

Variable	Label	Stats / Values	Freqs (% of Valid)	Graph	Valid
internetuse [labelled, numeric]	Internet Use Hours What would you say: How many hours a day on average do you use the internet for private purposes, so outside of your work context? 0 = Never; 1-7 = Under [1-7] Hours; 8 = Over 7 Hours	Mean (sd) : 3.3 (1.7) min ≤ med ≤ max: 0 ≤ 3 ≤ 8 IQR (CV) : 2 (0.5)	0 : 5 ( 0.4% ) 1 : 101 ( 8.6% ) 2 : 359 ( 30.6% ) 3 : 309 ( 26.3% ) 4 : 176 ( 15.0% ) 5 : 95 ( 8.1% ) 6 : 56 ( 4.8% ) 7 : 22 ( 1.9% ) 8 : 52 ( 4.4% )		1175 (100.0%)
sm_whatsapp [labelled, numeric]	Social Media Use: WhatsApp Now the questions will focus on the usage of social media . Please indicate on how many days per week you usually use the following social media networks. WhatsApp 1 = 0 days (never); 8 = 7 days (daily) Filter: internetuse != 1	Mean (sd) : 4.9 (2.8) min ≤ med ≤ max: 0 ≤ 7 ≤ 7 IQR (CV) : 5 (0.6)	0 : 209 ( 17.9% ) 1 : 45 ( 3.8% ) 2 : 41 ( 3.5% ) 3 : 67 ( 5.7% ) 4 : 40 ( 3.4% ) 5 : 47 ( 4.0% ) 6 : 53 ( 4.5% ) 7 : 668 ( 57.1% )		1170 (99.6%)
sm_facebook [labelled, numeric]	Social Media Use: Facebook Now the questions will focus on the usage of social media . Please indicate on how many days per week you usually use the following social media networks. Facebook 1 = 0 days (never); 8 = 7 days (daily) Filter: internetuse != 1	Mean (sd) : 2.7 (3) min ≤ med ≤ max: 0 ≤ 1 ≤ 7 IQR (CV) : 7 (1.1)	0 : 516 ( 44.1% ) 1 : 112 ( 9.6% ) 2 : 55 ( 4.7% ) 3 : 60 ( 5.1% ) 4 : 36 ( 3.1% ) 5 : 53 ( 4.5% ) 6 : 44 ( 3.8% ) 7 : 294 ( 25.1% )		1170 (99.6%)
sm_instagram [labelled, numeric]	Social Media Use: Instagram Now the questions will focus on the usage of social media . Please indicate on how many days per week you usually use the following social media networks. Instagram 1 = 0 days (never); 8 = 7 days (daily) Filter: internetuse != 1	Mean (sd) : 1.8 (2.7) min ≤ med ≤ max: 0 ≤ 0 ≤ 7 IQR (CV) : 3 (1.5)	0 : 730 ( 62.4% ) 1 : 63 ( 5.4% ) 2 : 46 ( 3.9% ) 3 : 43 ( 3.7% ) 4 : 33 ( 2.8% ) 5 : 38 ( 3.2% ) 6 : 29 ( 2.5% ) 7 : 188 ( 16.1% )		1170 (99.6%)
sm_youtube [labelled, numeric]	Social Media Use: YouTube Now the questions will focus on the usage of social media . Please indicate on how many days per week you usually use the following social media networks. YouTube 1 = 0 days (never); 8 = 7 days (daily) Filter: internetuse != 1	Mean (sd) : 2.8 (2.6) min ≤ med ≤ max: 0 ≤ 2 ≤ 7 IQR (CV) : 4 (0.9)	0 : 292 ( 25.0% ) 1 : 224 ( 19.1% ) 2 : 137 ( 11.7% ) 3 : 111 ( 9.5% ) 4 : 69 ( 5.9% ) 5 : 90 ( 7.7% ) 6 : 53 ( 4.5% ) 7 : 194 ( 16.6% )		1170 (99.6%)
sm_twitter [labelled, numeric]	Social Media Use: Twitter Now the questions will focus on the usage of social media . Please indicate on how many days per week you usually use the following social media networks. Twitter 1 = 0 days (never); 8 = 7 days (daily) Filter: internetuse != 1	Mean (sd) : 0.8 (1.9) min ≤ med ≤ max: 0 ≤ 0 ≤ 7 IQR (CV) : 0 (2.3)	0 : 926 ( 79.1% ) 1 : 49 ( 4.2% ) 2 : 34 ( 2.9% ) 3 : 41 ( 3.5% ) 4 : 24 ( 2.1% ) 5 : 16 ( 1.4% ) 6 : 14 ( 1.2% ) 7 : 66 ( 5.6% )		1170 (99.6%)
sm_snapchat [labelled, numeric]	Social Media Use: Snapchat Now the questions will focus on the usage of social media . Please indicate on how many days per week you usually use the following social media networks. Snapchat 1 = 0 days (never); 8 = 7 days (daily) Filter: internetuse != 1	Mean (sd) : 0.4 (1.4) min ≤ med ≤ max: 0 ≤ 0 ≤ 7 IQR (CV) : 0 (3.3)	0 : 1029 ( 87.9% ) 1 : 42 ( 3.6% ) 2 : 18 ( 1.5% ) 3 : 20 ( 1.7% ) 4 : 14 ( 1.2% ) 5 : 13 ( 1.1% ) 6 : 8 ( 0.7% ) 7 : 26 ( 2.2% )		1170 (99.6%)
sm_tiktok [labelled, numeric]	Social Media Use: TikTok Now the questions will focus on the usage of social media . Please indicate on how many days per week you usually use the following social media networks. TikTok 1 = 0 days (never); 8 = 7 days (daily) Filter: internetuse != 1	Mean (sd) : 0.8 (1.9) min ≤ med ≤ max: 0 ≤ 0 ≤ 7 IQR (CV) : 0 (2.4)	0 : 943 ( 80.6% ) 1 : 47 ( 4.0% ) 2 : 28 ( 2.4% ) 3 : 30 ( 2.6% ) 4 : 21 ( 1.8% ) 5 : 17 ( 1.5% ) 6 : 19 ( 1.6% ) 7 : 65 ( 5.6% )		1170 (99.6%)
sm_telegram [labelled, numeric]	Social Media Use: Telegram Now the questions will focus on the usage of social media . Please indicate on how many days per week you usually use the following social media networks. Telegram 1 = 0 days (never); 8 = 7 days (daily) Filter: internetuse != 1	Mean (sd) : 0.7 (1.8) min ≤ med ≤ max: 0 ≤ 0 ≤ 7 IQR (CV) : 0 (2.6)	0 : 977 ( 83.5% ) 1 : 39 ( 3.3% ) 2 : 23 ( 2.0% ) 3 : 21 ( 1.8% ) 4 : 20 ( 1.7% ) 5 : 24 ( 2.1% ) 6 : 8 ( 0.7% ) 7 : 58 ( 5.0% )		1170 (99.6%)
sm_signal [labelled, numeric]	Social Media Use: Signal Now the questions will focus on the usage of social media . Please indicate on how many days per week you usually use the following social media networks. Signal 1 = 0 days (never); 8 = 7 days (daily) Filter: internetuse != 1	Mean (sd) : 0.4 (1.4) min ≤ med ≤ max: 0 ≤ 0 ≤ 7 IQR (CV) : 0 (3.3)	0 : 1026 ( 87.7% ) 1 : 45 ( 3.8% ) 2 : 24 ( 2.1% ) 3 : 20 ( 1.7% ) 4 : 8 ( 0.7% ) 5 : 15 ( 1.3% ) 6 : 3 ( 0.3% ) 7 : 29 ( 2.5% )		1170 (99.6%)
sm_pol_whatsapp [labelled, numeric]	Social Media Use (Political): WhatsApp And on how many days per week do you usually use the following social media networks explicitly to get politically informed? WhatsApp 1 = 0 days (never); 8 = 7 days (daily) Filter: internetuse != 1 & sm_whatsapp != 1	Mean (sd) : 1.7 (2.7) min ≤ med ≤ max: 0 ≤ 0 ≤ 7 IQR (CV) : 3 (1.6)	0 : 634 ( 66.0% ) 1 : 42 ( 4.4% ) 2 : 36 ( 3.7% ) 3 : 33 ( 3.4% ) 4 : 21 ( 2.2% ) 5 : 22 ( 2.3% ) 6 : 17 ( 1.8% ) 7 : 156 ( 16.2% )		961 (81.8%)
sm_pol_facebook [labelled, numeric]	Social Media Use (Political): Facebook And on how many days per week do you usually use the following social media networks explicitly to get politically informed? Facebook 1 = 0 days (never); 8 = 7 days (daily) Filter: internetuse != 1 & sm_facebook != 1	Mean (sd) : 2.1 (2.7) min ≤ med ≤ max: 0 ≤ 1 ≤ 7 IQR (CV) : 4 (1.3)	0 : 316 ( 48.3% ) 1 : 66 ( 10.1% ) 2 : 57 ( 8.7% ) 3 : 40 ( 6.1% ) 4 : 27 ( 4.1% ) 5 : 18 ( 2.8% ) 6 : 18 ( 2.8% ) 7 : 112 ( 17.1% )		654 (55.7%)
sm_pol_instagram [labelled, numeric]	Social Media Use (Political): Instagram And on how many days per week do you usually use the following social media networks explicitly to get politically informed? Instagram 1 = 0 days (never); 8 = 7 days (daily) Filter: internetuse != 1 & sm_instagram != 1	Mean (sd) : 1.8 (2.5) min ≤ med ≤ max: 0 ≤ 0 ≤ 7 IQR (CV) : 3 (1.3)	0 : 232 ( 52.7% ) 1 : 40 ( 9.1% ) 2 : 32 ( 7.3% ) 3 : 29 ( 6.6% ) 4 : 24 ( 5.5% ) 5 : 27 ( 6.1% ) 6 : 8 ( 1.8% ) 7 : 48 ( 10.9% )		440 (37.4%)
sm_pol_youtube [labelled, numeric]	Social Media Use (Political): YouTube And on how many days per week do you usually use the following social media networks explicitly to get politically informed? YouTube 1 = 0 days (never); 8 = 7 days (daily) Filter: internetuse != 1 & sm_youtube != 1	Mean (sd) : 1.7 (2.4) min ≤ med ≤ max: 0 ≤ 0 ≤ 7 IQR (CV) : 3 (1.4)	0 : 463 ( 52.7% ) 1 : 98 ( 11.2% ) 2 : 68 ( 7.7% ) 3 : 60 ( 6.8% ) 4 : 45 ( 5.1% ) 5 : 35 ( 4.0% ) 6 : 20 ( 2.3% ) 7 : 89 ( 10.1% )		878 (74.7%)
sm_pol_twitter [labelled, numeric]	Social Media Use (Political): Twitter And on how many days per week do you usually use the following social media networks explicitly to get politically informed? Twitter 1 = 0 days (never); 8 = 7 days (daily) Filter: internetuse != 1 & sm_twitter != 1	Mean (sd) : 2.7 (2.6) min ≤ med ≤ max: 0 ≤ 2 ≤ 7 IQR (CV) : 5 (0.9)	0 : 68 ( 27.9% ) 1 : 39 ( 16.0% ) 2 : 22 ( 9.0% ) 3 : 33 ( 13.5% ) 4 : 16 ( 6.6% ) 5 : 12 ( 4.9% ) 6 : 14 ( 5.7% ) 7 : 40 ( 16.4% )		244 (20.8%)
sm_pol_snapchat [labelled, numeric]	Social Media Use (Political): Snapchat And on how many days per week do you usually use the following social media networks explicitly to get politically informed? Snapchat 1 = 0 days (never); 8 = 7 days (daily) Filter: internetuse != 1 & sm_snapchat != 1	Mean (sd) : 1.9 (2.3) min ≤ med ≤ max: 0 ≤ 1 ≤ 7 IQR (CV) : 3 (1.2)	0 : 66 ( 46.8% ) 1 : 14 ( 9.9% ) 2 : 10 ( 7.1% ) 3 : 18 ( 12.8% ) 4 : 9 ( 6.4% ) 5 : 7 ( 5.0% ) 6 : 7 ( 5.0% ) 7 : 10 ( 7.1% )		141 (12.0%)
sm_pol_tiktok [labelled, numeric]	Social Media Use (Political): TikTok And on how many days per week do you usually use the following social media networks explicitly to get politically informed? TikTok 1 = 0 days (never); 8 = 7 days (daily) Filter: internetuse != 1 & sm_tiktok != 1	Mean (sd) : 2.1 (2.5) min ≤ med ≤ max: 0 ≤ 1 ≤ 7 IQR (CV) : 4 (1.2)	0 : 105 ( 46.3% ) 1 : 24 ( 10.6% ) 2 : 16 ( 7.0% ) 3 : 20 ( 8.8% ) 4 : 14 ( 6.2% ) 5 : 13 ( 5.7% ) 6 : 10 ( 4.4% ) 7 : 25 ( 11.0% )		227 (19.3%)
sm_pol_telegram [labelled, numeric]	Social Media Use (Political): Telegram And on how many days per week do you usually use the following social media networks explicitly to get politically informed? Telegram 1 = 0 days (never); 8 = 7 days (daily) Filter: internetuse != 1 & sm_telegram != 1	Mean (sd) : 2.4 (2.7) min ≤ med ≤ max: 0 ≤ 1 ≤ 7 IQR (CV) : 5 (1.1)	0 : 83 ( 43.0% ) 1 : 19 ( 9.8% ) 2 : 12 ( 6.2% ) 3 : 20 ( 10.4% ) 4 : 9 ( 4.7% ) 5 : 11 ( 5.7% ) 6 : 4 ( 2.1% ) 7 : 35 ( 18.1% )		193 (16.4%)
sm_pol_signal [labelled, numeric]	Social Media Use (Political): Signal And on how many days per week do you usually use the following social media networks explicitly to get politically informed? Signal 1 = 0 days (never); 8 = 7 days (daily) Filter: internetuse != 1 & sm_signal != 1	Mean (sd) : 1.2 (2) min ≤ med ≤ max: 0 ≤ 0 ≤ 7 IQR (CV) : 2 (1.6)	0 : 88 ( 61.1% ) 1 : 14 ( 9.7% ) 2 : 12 ( 8.3% ) 3 : 11 ( 7.6% ) 4 : 6 ( 4.2% ) 5 : 3 ( 2.1% ) 6 : 5 ( 3.5% ) 7 : 5 ( 3.5% )		144 (12.3%)
sm_dis_strongsfs [labelled, factor]	Social Media Discussions: Freedom of Speech You can see a few statements about social media below. Please indicate for each statement, to what extent you generally agree or disagree with said statement. Social media strengthens freedom of speech. 1 = Disagree; 4 = Agree	1. Disagree 2. R. Disagree 3. R. Agree 4. Agree	172 ( 14.6% ) 343 ( 29.2% ) 517 ( 44.0% ) 143 ( 12.2% )		1175 (100.0%)
sm_dis_constructive [labelled, factor]	Social Media Discussions: Constructive You can see a few statements about social media below. Please indicate for each statement, to what extent you generally agree or disagree with said statement. On social media, differing opinions are constructively discussed. 1 = Disagree; 4 = Agree	1. Disagree 2. R. Disagree 3. R. Agree 4. Agree	225 ( 19.1% ) 479 ( 40.8% ) 385 ( 32.8% ) 86 ( 7.3% )		1175 (100.0%)
sm_dis_unfriendly [labelled, factor]	Social Media Discussions: Unfriendly You can see a few statements about social media below. Please indicate for each statement, to what extent you generally agree or disagree with said statement. Discussions on social media are usually less friendly than in real life. 1 = Disagree; 4 = Agree	1. Disagree 2. R. Disagree 3. R. Agree 4. Agree	49 ( 4.2% ) 164 ( 14.0% ) 499 ( 42.5% ) 463 ( 39.4% )		1175 (100.0%)
sm_dis_neutral [labelled, factor]	Social Media Discussions: Neutral You can see a few statements about social media below. Please indicate for each statement, to what extent you generally agree or disagree with said statement. Social media is a more neutral source of information than traditional media. 1 = Disagree; 4 = Agree	1. Disagree 2. R. Disagree 3. R. Agree 4. Agree	499 ( 42.5% ) 380 ( 32.3% ) 214 ( 18.2% ) 82 ( 7.0% )		1175 (100.0%)
sm_dis_hatespeech [labelled, factor]	Social Media Discussions: Hate Speech You can see a few statements about social media below. Please indicate for each statement, to what extent you generally agree or disagree with said statement. Social media increases the spread of misinformation and hate speech. 1 = Disagree; 4 = Agree	1. Disagree 2. R. Disagree 3. R. Agree 4. Agree	49 ( 4.2% ) 150 ( 12.8% ) 498 ( 42.4% ) 478 ( 40.7% )		1175 (100.0%)
sm_exp_insulted [labelled, factor]	Social Media Experiences: Insulted Now it is about your personal experiences with social media. We want to know, which of the following things you have experienced already. Please choose all statements that fit your experiences. I have been personally insulted by another user. Filter: internetuse != 1 & at least one social media platform is used (sm_* > 1)	1. No 2. Yes	892 ( 81.5% ) 203 ( 18.5% )		1095 (93.2%)
sm_exp_reported [labelled, factor]	Social Media Experiences: Reported Now it is about your personal experiences with social media. We want to know, which of the following things you have experienced already. Please choose all statements that fit your experiences. I have been reported by another user. Filter: internetuse != 1 & at least one social media platform is used (sm_* > 1)	1. No 2. Yes	1031 ( 94.2% ) 64 ( 5.8% )		1095 (93.2%)
sm_exp_deleted [labelled, factor]	Social Media Experiences: Deleted Now it is about your personal experiences with social media. We want to know, which of the following things you have experienced already. Please choose all statements that fit your experiences. One of my posts has been deleted by the operator of a platform. Filter: internetuse != 1 & at least one social media platform is used (sm_* > 1)	1. No 2. Yes	1012 ( 92.4% ) 83 ( 7.6% )		1095 (93.2%)
sm_exp_blocked [labelled, factor]	Social Media Experiences: Blocked Now it is about your personal experiences with social media. We want to know, which of the following things you have experienced already. Please choose all statements that fit your experiences. I have been blocked by another user. Filter: internetuse != 1 & at least one social media platform is used (sm_* > 1)	1. No 2. Yes	915 ( 83.6% ) 180 ( 16.4% )		1095 (93.2%)
sm_exp_banned [labelled, factor]	Social Media Experiences: Banned Now it is about your personal experiences with social media. We want to know, which of the following things you have experienced already. Please choose all statements that fit your experiences. I have been permanently banned from a platform by the operator. Filter: internetuse != 1 & at least one social media platform is used (sm_* > 1)	1. No 2. Yes	1078 ( 98.4% ) 17 ( 1.6% )		1095 (93.2%)
sm_exp_none [labelled, factor]	Social Media Experiences: None Now it is about your personal experiences with social media. We want to know, which of the following things you have experienced already. Please choose all statements that fit your experiences. I experienced none of the above. Filter: internetuse != 1 & at least one social media platform is used (sm_* > 1)	1. No 2. Yes	339 ( 31.0% ) 756 ( 69.0% )		1095 (93.2%)
sm_act_insulting [labelled, factor]	Social Media Actions: Insulting Now it is about your personal experiences with social media. We want to know, which of the following things you have done already yourself. Please choose all statements that fit your experiences. I have personally insulted another user. Filter: internetuse != 1 & at least one social media platform is used (sm_* > 1)	1. No 2. Yes	1063 ( 97.1% ) 32 ( 2.9% )		1095 (93.2%)
sm_act_reporting [labelled, factor]	Social Media Actions: Reporting Now it is about your personal experiences with social media. We want to know, which of the following things you have done already yourself. Please choose all statements that fit your experiences. I have reported another user. Filter: internetuse != 1 & at least one social media platform is used (sm_* > 1)	1. No 2. Yes	897 ( 81.9% ) 198 ( 18.1% )		1095 (93.2%)
sm_act_blocking [labelled, factor]	Social Media Actions: Blocking Now it is about your personal experiences with social media. We want to know, which of the following things you have done already yourself. Please choose all statements that fit your experiences. I have blocked another user. Filter: internetuse != 1 & at least one social media platform is used (sm_* > 1)	1. No 2. Yes	738 ( 67.4% ) 357 ( 32.6% )		1095 (93.2%)
sm_act_none [labelled, factor]	Social Media Actions: None Now it is about your personal experiences with social media. We want to know, which of the following things you have done already yourself. Please choose all statements that fit your experiences. I did none of the above. Filter: internetuse != 1 & at least one social media platform is used (sm_* > 1)	1. No 2. Yes	417 ( 38.1% ) 678 ( 61.9% )		1095 (93.2%)

Randomization Variables

Variables	Meaning
	SOCIAL MEDIA USAGE
io_sm_whatsapp	Placement of ‘sm_whatsapp’ in ‘Social Media Use’ question matrix
io_sm_facebook	Placement of ‘sm_facebook’ in ‘Social Media Use’ question matrix
io_sm_instagram	Placement of ‘sm_instagram’ in ‘Social Media Use’ question matrix
io_sm_youtube	Placement of ‘sm_youtube’ in ‘Social Media Use’ question matrix
io_sm_twitter	Placement of ‘sm_twitter’ in ‘Social Media Use’ question matrix
io_sm_snapchat	Placement of ‘sm_snapchat’ in ‘Social Media Use’ question matrix
io_sm_tiktok	Placement of ‘sm_tiktok’ in ‘Social Media Use’ question matrix
io_sm_telegram	Placement of ‘sm_telegram’ in ‘Social Media Use’ question matrix
io_sm_signal	Placement of ‘sm_signal’ in ‘Social Media Use’ question matrix
	SOCIAL MEDIA USAGE: POLITICAL
io_sm_pol_whatsapp	Placement of ‘sm_pol_whatsapp’ in ‘Social Media Use: Political’ question matrix
io_sm_pol_facebook	Placement of ‘sm_pol_facebook’ in ‘Social Media Use: Political’ question matrix
io_sm_pol_instagram	Placement of ‘sm_pol_instagram’ in ‘Social Media Use: Political’ question matrix
io_sm_pol_youtube	Placement of ‘sm_pol_youtube’ in ‘Social Media Use: Political’ question matrix
io_sm_pol_twitter	Placement of ‘sm_pol_twitter’ in ‘Social Media Use: Political’ question matrix
io_sm_pol_snapchat	Placement of ‘sm_pol_snapchat’ in ‘Social Media Use: Political’ question matrix
io_sm_pol_tiktok	Placement of ‘sm_pol_tiktok’ in ‘Social Media Use: Political’ question matrix
io_sm_pol_telegram	Placement of ‘sm_pol_telegram’ in ‘Social Media Use: Political’ question matrix
io_sm_pol_signal	Placement of ‘sm_pol_signal’ in ‘Social Media Use: Political’ question matrix
	SOCIAL MEDIA: DISCUSSIONS
io_sm_dis_strongsfs	Placement of ‘sm_dis_strongsfs’ in ‘Social Media: Discussions’ question matrix
io_sm_dis_constructive	Placement of ‘sm_dis_constructive’ in ‘Social Media: Discussions’ question matrix
io_sm_dis_unfriendly	Placement of ‘sm_dis_unfriendly’ in ‘Social Media: Discussions’ question matrix
io_sm_dis_neutral	Placement of ‘sm_dis_neutral’ in ‘Social Media: Discussions’ question matrix
io_sm_dis_hatespeech	Placement of ‘sm_dis_hatespeech’ in ‘Social Media: Discussions’ question matrix
	ORDER: SOCIAL MEDIA EXPERIENCES & ACTIONS
qo_sm_exp	Placement of ‘Social Media Experiences’ question matrix in ‘Social Media’ block
qo_sm_act	Placement of ‘Social Media Actions’ question matrix in ‘Social Media’ block

List Experiment: Self-Censorship

Descriptive Overview

Variable	Label	Stats / Values	Freqs (% of Valid)	Graph	Valid
listex_dir_climate [labelled, factor]	List Ex Direct (Extreme): Climate Do you agree with the following statements or not? Saving the climate is more important than protecting democracy.	1. Disagree 2. Agree	898 ( 76.4% ) 277 ( 23.6% )		1175 (100.0%)
listex_dir_equality [labelled, factor]	List Ex Direct (Extreme): Equality Do you agree with the following statements or not? Differences in the abilities of men and women are biologically predisposed.	1. Disagree 2. Agree	486 ( 41.4% ) 689 ( 58.6% )		1175 (100.0%)
listex_dir_racism [labelled, factor]	List Ex Direct (Extreme): Racism Do you agree with the following statements or not? Some ethnic groups are inherently less intelligent than others.	1. Disagree 2. Agree	922 ( 78.5% ) 253 ( 21.5% )		1175 (100.0%)
listex_1 [labelled, numeric]	Censorship List 1 Here are some statements which one can agree or disagree with. Please tell us how many of these statements you would agree with. Please do not tell us which ones you exactly agree with, just with how many. Value indicates the amount of items agreed with from the list	Mean (sd) : 1.8 (0.9) min ≤ med ≤ max: 0 ≤ 2 ≤ 4 IQR (CV) : 1 (0.5)	0 : 73 ( 6.2% ) 1 : 337 ( 28.7% ) 2 : 528 ( 44.9% ) 3 : 189 ( 16.1% ) 4 : 48 ( 4.1% )		1175 (100.0%)
listex_2 [labelled, numeric]	Censorsip List 2 Here are some statements which one can agree or disagree with. Please tell us how many of these statements you would agree with. Please do not tell us which ones you exactly agree with, just with how many. Value indicates the amount of items agreed with from the list	Mean (sd) : 1.8 (0.9) min ≤ med ≤ max: 0 ≤ 2 ≤ 4 IQR (CV) : 1 (0.5)	0 : 86 ( 7.3% ) 1 : 325 ( 27.7% ) 2 : 534 ( 45.4% ) 3 : 200 ( 17.0% ) 4 : 30 ( 2.6% )		1175 (100.0%)
listex_3 [labelled, numeric]	Censorship List 3 Here are some statements which one can agree or disagree with. Please tell us how many of these statements you would agree with. Please do not tell us which ones you exactly agree with, just with how many. Value indicates the amount of items agreed with from the list	Mean (sd) : 1.2 (0.9) min ≤ med ≤ max: 0 ≤ 1 ≤ 4 IQR (CV) : 2 (0.8)	0 : 324 ( 27.6% ) 1 : 439 ( 37.4% ) 2 : 321 ( 27.3% ) 3 : 75 ( 6.4% ) 4 : 16 ( 1.4% )		1175 (100.0%)

Randomization Variables

Variables	Meaning
	DIRECT QUESTIONING
io_listex_direct_equality	Placement of ‘listex_direct_equality’ in ‘Direct List Experiment’ question matrix
io_listex_direct_racism	Placement of ‘listex_direct_racism’ in ‘Direct List Experiment’ question matrix
io_listex_direct_climate	Placement of ‘listex_direct_climate’ in ‘Direct List Experiment’ question matrix
	EXPERIMENT COMPOSITION
listex_sens1	First selected sensitive item
listex_sens2	Second selected sensitive item
listex1	Whether the first item list was used as control or presented with treatment (i.e. including a sensitive item)
listex2	Whether the second item list was used as control or presented with treatment (i.e. including a sensitive item)
listex3	Whether the third item list was used as control or presented with treatment (i.e. including a sensitive item)
io_listex_c1_income	Placement of ‘income’ statement in ‘Control Set 1’
io_listex_c1_eu	Placement of ‘eu’ statement in ‘Control Set 1’
io_listex_c1_covid	Placement of ‘covid’ statement in ‘Control Set 1’
io_listex_c1_sens	Placement of randomized sensitive statement in ‘Control Set 1’ (if applicable)
io_listex_c2_referendum	Placement of ‘referendum’statement in ’Control Set 2’
io_listex_c2_rent	Placement of ‘rent’ statement in ‘Control Set 2’
io_listex_c2_economy	Placement of ‘economy’ statement in ‘Control Set 2’
io_listex_c2_sens	Placement of randomized sensitive statement in ‘Control Set 2’ (if applicable)
io_listex_c3_manager	Placement of ‘manager’statement in ’Control Set 3’
io_listex_c3_örr	Placement of ‘public broadcasting’ statement in ‘Control Set 3’
io_listex_c3_meat	Placement of ‘meat consumption’ statement in ‘Control Set 3’
io_listex_c3_sens	Placement of randomized sensitive statement in ‘Control Set 3’ (if applicable)

Note: Due to a coding error, ‘listex_sens1’ was always only presented with the first and second set of control items, and ‘listex_sens2’ only with the third set of control item.

Sanctions

Descriptive Overview

Variable	Label	Stats / Values	Freqs (% of Valid)	Graph	Valid
sancclaprob_job [labelled, numeric]	Sanctions Classic Probability: Job If you speak freely what you really think: How probable is it then, that... ... it is going to negatively affect you professionally? 0 = Very unlikely; 10 = Very likely	Mean (sd) : 3 (3.2) min ≤ med ≤ max: 0 ≤ 2 ≤ 10 IQR (CV) : 5 (1)	11 distinct values		1175 (100.0%)
sancclaprob_friends [labelled, numeric]	Sanctions Classic Probability: Friends If you speak freely what you really think: How probable is it then, that... ... your friends are going to turn away from you? 0 = Very unlikely; 10 = Very likely	Mean (sd) : 2.8 (2.9) min ≤ med ≤ max: 0 ≤ 2 ≤ 10 IQR (CV) : 5 (1)	11 distinct values		1175 (100.0%)
sancclaprob_law [labelled, numeric]	Sanctions Classic Probability: Law If you speak freely what you really think: How probable is it then, that... ... you are going to get legal problems? 0 = Very unlikely; 10 = Very likely	Mean (sd) : 3.1 (3.1) min ≤ med ≤ max: 0 ≤ 2 ≤ 10 IQR (CV) : 5 (1)	11 distinct values		1175 (100.0%)
sancdisprob_insulting [labelled, numeric]	Sanctions Discursive Probability: Insulting If you speak feely what you really think: How probable is it then, that ... ... others feel wrongfully insulted? 0 = Very unlikely; 10 = Very likely	Mean (sd) : 4 (2.8) min ≤ med ≤ max: 0 ≤ 4 ≤ 10 IQR (CV) : 5 (0.7)	11 distinct values		1175 (100.0%)
sancdisprob_disagreement [labelled, numeric]	Sanctions Discursive Probability: Disagreement If you speak feely what you really think: How probable is it then, that ... ... others would contradict you? 0 = Very unlikely; 10 = Very likely	Mean (sd) : 5.4 (2.5) min ≤ med ≤ max: 0 ≤ 6 ≤ 10 IQR (CV) : 3 (0.5)	11 distinct values		1175 (100.0%)
sancsocprob_wronggroup [labelled, numeric]	Sanctions Social Probability: Wrong Group If you speak feely what you really think: How probable is it then, that ... ... others will assign you to a group you don't belong to? 0 = Very unlikely; 10 = Very likely	Mean (sd) : 4.4 (2.9) min ≤ med ≤ max: 0 ≤ 5 ≤ 10 IQR (CV) : 5 (0.7)	11 distinct values		1175 (100.0%)
sancsocprob_online [labelled, numeric]	Sanctions Social Probability: Online If you speak feely what you really think: How probable is it then, that ... ... you will personally be attacked on social media (e.g. Facebook, Twitter)? 0 = Very unlikely; 10 = Very likely	Mean (sd) : 3.9 (3.2) min ≤ med ≤ max: 0 ≤ 4 ≤ 10 IQR (CV) : 5 (0.8)	11 distinct values		1175 (100.0%)
sancclacost_job [labelled, numeric]	Sanctions Classic Cost: Job If you speak freely what you really think: How bad would it be for you, if ... ... it would negatively affect you professionally? 0 = Not bad at all; 10 = Very bad	Mean (sd) : 5.6 (3.6) min ≤ med ≤ max: 0 ≤ 6 ≤ 10 IQR (CV) : 7 (0.6)	11 distinct values		1175 (100.0%)
sancclacost_friends [labelled, numeric]	Sanctions Classic Cost: Friends If you speak freely what you really think: How bad would it be for you, if ... ... your friends would turn away from you? 0 = Not bad at all; 10 = Very bad	Mean (sd) : 6 (3.3) min ≤ med ≤ max: 0 ≤ 7 ≤ 10 IQR (CV) : 5 (0.5)	11 distinct values		1175 (100.0%)
sancclacost_law [labelled, numeric]	Sanctions Classic Cost: Law If you speak freely what you really think: How bad would it be for you, if ... ... you would get legal problems? 0 = Not bad at all; 10 = Very bad	Mean (sd) : 6.6 (3.2) min ≤ med ≤ max: 0 ≤ 7 ≤ 10 IQR (CV) : 5 (0.5)	11 distinct values		1175 (100.0%)
sancdiscost_insulting [labelled, numeric]	Sanctions Discursive Cost: Insulting If you speak feely what you really think: How bad would it be for you, if ... ... others feel wrongfully insulted? 0 = Not bad at all; 10 = Very bad	Mean (sd) : 5 (2.9) min ≤ med ≤ max: 0 ≤ 5 ≤ 10 IQR (CV) : 4 (0.6)	11 distinct values		1175 (100.0%)
sancdiscost_disagreement [labelled, numeric]	Sanctions Discursive Cost: Disagreement If you speak feely what you really think: How bad would it be for you, if ... ... others contradict you? 0 = Not bad at all; 10 = Very bad	Mean (sd) : 3 (2.7) min ≤ med ≤ max: 0 ≤ 3 ≤ 10 IQR (CV) : 5 (0.9)	11 distinct values		1175 (100.0%)
sancsoccost_wronggroup [labelled, numeric]	Sanctions Social Cost: Wrong Group If you speak feely what you really think: How bad would it be for you, if ... ... others will assign you to a group you don't belong to? 0 = Not bad at all; 10 = Very bad	Mean (sd) : 5.3 (3) min ≤ med ≤ max: 0 ≤ 6 ≤ 10 IQR (CV) : 5 (0.6)	11 distinct values		1175 (100.0%)
sancsoccost_online [labelled, numeric]	Sanctions Social Cost: Online If you speak feely what you really think: How bad would it be for you, if ... ... you will personally be attacked on social media (e.g. Facebook, Twitter)? 0 = Not bad at all; 10 = Very bad	Mean (sd) : 4.8 (3.3) min ≤ med ≤ max: 0 ≤ 5 ≤ 10 IQR (CV) : 5 (0.7)	11 distinct values		1175 (100.0%)

Randomization Variables

Variables	Meaning
	SANCTION PROBABILITIES
io_sancdisprob_disagreement	Placement of ‘sancdisprob_disagreement’ in ‘Sanction Probability: Other’ question matrix
io_sancdisprob_insulting	Placement of ‘sancdisprob_insulting’ in ‘Sanction Probability: Other’ question matrix
io_sancsocprob_online	Placement of ‘sancsocprob_online’ in ‘Sanction Probability: Other’ question matrix
io_sancsocprob_wronggroup	Placement of ‘sancsocprob_wronggroup’ in ‘Sanction Probability: Other’ question matrix
io_sancclaprob_friends	Placement of ‘sancclaprob_friends’ in ‘Sanction Probability: Classic’ question matrix
io_sancclaprob_job	Placement of ‘sancclaprob_job’ in ‘Sanction Probability: Classic’ question matrix
io_sancclaprob_law	Placement of ‘sancclaprob_law’ in ‘Sanction Probability: Classic’ question matrix
	SANCTION COSTS
io_sancdiscost_disagreement	Placement of ‘sancdiscost_disagreement’ in ‘Sanction Costs: Other’ question matrix
io_sancdiscost_insulting	Placement of ‘sancdiscost_insulting’ in ‘Sanction Costs: Other’ question matrix
io_sancsoccost_online	Placement of ‘sancsoccost_online’ in ‘Sanction Costs: Other’ question matrix
io_sancsoccost_wronggroup	Placement of ‘sancsoccost_wronggroup’ in ‘Sanction Costs: Other’ question matrix
io_sancclacost_friends	Placement of ‘sancclacost_friends’ in ‘Sanction Costs: Classic’ question matrix
io_sancclacost_job	Placement of ‘sancclacost_job’ in ‘Sanction Costs: Classic’ question matrix
io_sancclacost_law	Placement of ‘sancclacost_law’ in ‘Sanction Costs: Classic’ question matrix
io_attentioncheck	Placement of ‘attention check’ item in ‘Sanction Costs: Classic’ question matrix
	PROBABILITIES VS. COSTS
qo_sanccost	Placement of ‘Costs’ question matrix within Sanction blocks
qo_sancprob	Placement of ‘Probabilities’ question matrix within Sanction blocks
	CLASSIC VS. OTHER
bo_sanccla	Position of ‘Classic’ Sanction-block in survey flow
bo_sancoth	Position of ‘Other’ Sanction-block in survey flow

Conjoint Experiment: Allowed to Say (Reversed)

Variables

Note: There were five randomized conjoint statements to which support was surveyed binary (with ave. agreement around 40 %). The variables for all five iterations follow the same logic as the one presented below (replacing “1” with the numbers ‘2’ to ‘5’).

Example Statement with randomization variable labels in brackets: Ein männlicher [Female] Politiker [Speaker ID], der regelmäßg [Frequency] Homosexuelle [Target ID & Targetgroup] im Internet [Context] bedroht [Content], sollte keine Geldstrafe zahlen müssen [Response], auch wenn diese Gruppe sich beleidigt fühlt [Reaction].

Variables	Meaning
	OUTCOME VARIABLES
conj1	Agreement with the statement
	RANDOMIZED ATTRIBUTES
conj1_speakerfemale	Whether speaker is female or not
conj1_speakerid	The speaker’s social identity
conj1_targetgroup	Whether the target is a group or a singular person
conj1_targetsex	If a singular person, the target’s sex
conj1_targetid	The target’s social identity
conj1_context	In which social context the situation is placed
conj1_response	Which sanction the speaker should face
conj1_frequency	How often the situation occurs
conj1_content	What the speaker effectively says
conj1_reaction	How the target reacts

Media Sources

Descriptive Overview

Variable	Label	Stats / Values	Freqs (% of Valid)	Graph	Valid
media_boulevard [labelled, numeric]	Media Sources: Boulevard Now it is about which type of media you use get information on day-to-day politics in Germany. So, where do you watch or read the news? To make the questions a bit easier, we have put the entire range of German news into groups. On how many days a week do you use for informational purposes ... ... so called boulevard newspapers or their internet offers (e.g. BILD, bild.de, ...)? 0 = Never; 7 = 7 Days (Every Day)	Mean (sd) : 1.5 (2.4) min ≤ med ≤ max: 0 ≤ 0 ≤ 7 IQR (CV) : 2 (1.7)	0 : 776 ( 66.0% ) 1 : 53 ( 4.5% ) 2 : 74 ( 6.3% ) 3 : 43 ( 3.7% ) 4 : 39 ( 3.3% ) 5 : 27 ( 2.3% ) 6 : 49 ( 4.2% ) 7 : 114 ( 9.7% )		1175 (100.0%)
media_qualpaper [labelled, numeric]	Media Sources: Quality Paper Now it is about which type of media you use get information on day-to-day politics in Germany. So, where do you watch or read the news? To make the questions a bit easier, we have put the entire range of German news into groups. On how many days a week do you use for informational purposes ... ... so called national quality newspapers or their internet offers (e.g. FAZ, faz.net, Süddeutsche Zeitung, ...)? 0 = Never; 7 = 7 Days (Every Day)	Mean (sd) : 2.1 (2.5) min ≤ med ≤ max: 0 ≤ 1 ≤ 7 IQR (CV) : 4 (1.2)	0 : 560 ( 47.7% ) 1 : 115 ( 9.8% ) 2 : 104 ( 8.9% ) 3 : 70 ( 6.0% ) 4 : 72 ( 6.1% ) 5 : 34 ( 2.9% ) 6 : 103 ( 8.8% ) 7 : 117 ( 10.0% )		1175 (100.0%)
media_localpaper [labelled, numeric]	Media Sources: Local Paper Now it is about which type of media you use get information on day-to-day politics in Germany. So, where do you watch or read the news? To make the questions a bit easier, we have put the entire range of German news into groups. On how many days a week do you use for informational purposes ... ... your respective local newspapers or their internet offers? 0 = Never; 7 = 7 Days (Every Day)	Mean (sd) : 3.3 (2.6) min ≤ med ≤ max: 0 ≤ 4 ≤ 7 IQR (CV) : 6 (0.8)	0 : 304 ( 25.9% ) 1 : 101 ( 8.6% ) 2 : 93 ( 7.9% ) 3 : 87 ( 7.4% ) 4 : 90 ( 7.7% ) 5 : 154 ( 13.1% ) 6 : 189 ( 16.1% ) 7 : 157 ( 13.4% )		1175 (100.0%)
media_privatetv [labelled, numeric]	Media Sources: Private TV Now it is about which type of media you use get information on day-to-day politics in Germany. So, where do you watch or read the news? To make the questions a bit easier, we have put the entire range of German news into groups. On how many days a week do you use for informational purposes ... ... private TV channels or their internet offers (e.g. RTL aktuell, rtl.de, ...)? 0 = Never; 7 = 7 Days (Every Day)	Mean (sd) : 2.9 (2.5) min ≤ med ≤ max: 0 ≤ 2 ≤ 7 IQR (CV) : 6 (0.9)	0 : 326 ( 27.7% ) 1 : 137 ( 11.7% ) 2 : 137 ( 11.7% ) 3 : 110 ( 9.4% ) 4 : 102 ( 8.7% ) 5 : 61 ( 5.2% ) 6 : 179 ( 15.2% ) 7 : 123 ( 10.5% )		1175 (100.0%)
media_publictv [labelled, numeric]	Media Sources: Public TV Now it is about which type of media you use get information on day-to-day politics in Germany. So, where do you watch or read the news? To make the questions a bit easier, we have put the entire range of German news into groups. On how many days a week do you use for informational purposes ... ... public TV channels or their internet offers (e.g. Tagesschau, funk, tagesschau.de, ...)? 0 = Never; 7 = 7 Days (Every Day)	Mean (sd) : 4 (2.3) min ≤ med ≤ max: 0 ≤ 5 ≤ 7 IQR (CV) : 4 (0.6)	0 : 156 ( 13.3% ) 1 : 92 ( 7.8% ) 2 : 107 ( 9.1% ) 3 : 82 ( 7.0% ) 4 : 121 ( 10.3% ) 5 : 93 ( 7.9% ) 6 : 450 ( 38.3% ) 7 : 74 ( 6.3% )		1175 (100.0%)
media_privateradio [labelled, numeric]	Media Sources: Private Radio Now it is about which type of media you use get information on day-to-day politics in Germany. So, where do you watch or read the news? To make the questions a bit easier, we have put the entire range of German news into groups. On how many days a week do you use for informational purposes ... ... private radio channels or their internet offers (e.g. Energy, energy.de, ...)? 0 = Never; 7 = 7 Days (Every Day)	Mean (sd) : 1.9 (2.5) min ≤ med ≤ max: 0 ≤ 0 ≤ 7 IQR (CV) : 4 (1.3)	0 : 603 ( 51.3% ) 1 : 89 ( 7.6% ) 2 : 99 ( 8.4% ) 3 : 86 ( 7.3% ) 4 : 74 ( 6.3% ) 5 : 23 ( 2.0% ) 6 : 111 ( 9.4% ) 7 : 90 ( 7.7% )		1175 (100.0%)
media_publicradio [labelled, numeric]	Media Sources: Public Radio Now it is about which type of media you use get information on day-to-day politics in Germany. So, where do you watch or read the news? To make the questions a bit easier, we have put the entire range of German news into groups. On how many days a week do you use for informational purposes ... ... public radio channels or their internet offers (e.g. Deutschlandfunk, deutschlandfunk.de, ...)? 0 = Never; 7 = 7 Days (Every Day)	Mean (sd) : 3 (2.6) min ≤ med ≤ max: 0 ≤ 3 ≤ 7 IQR (CV) : 6 (0.9)	0 : 379 ( 32.3% ) 1 : 80 ( 6.8% ) 2 : 119 ( 10.1% ) 3 : 89 ( 7.6% ) 4 : 98 ( 8.3% ) 5 : 58 ( 4.9% ) 6 : 262 ( 22.3% ) 7 : 90 ( 7.7% )		1175 (100.0%)
media_blogs [labelled, numeric]	Media Sources: Blogs Now it is about which type of media you use get information on day-to-day politics in Germany. So, where do you watch or read the news? To make the questions a bit easier, we have put the entire range of German news into groups. On how many days a week do you use for informational purposes ... special news providers that are only available online (e.g. blogs of private persons)? 0 = Never; 7 = 7 Days (Every Day)	Mean (sd) : 1.3 (2.3) min ≤ med ≤ max: 0 ≤ 0 ≤ 7 IQR (CV) : 2 (1.7)	0 : 771 ( 65.6% ) 1 : 71 ( 6.0% ) 2 : 84 ( 7.1% ) 3 : 50 ( 4.3% ) 4 : 41 ( 3.5% ) 5 : 23 ( 2.0% ) 6 : 38 ( 3.2% ) 7 : 97 ( 8.3% )		1175 (100.0%)

Randomization Variables

Variables	Meaning
io_media_boulevard	Placement of ‘media_boulevard’ in ‘Media Sources’ question matrix
io_media_qualpaper	Placement of ‘media_qualpaper’ in ‘Media Sources’ question matrix
io_media_localpaper	Placement of ‘media_localpaper’ in ‘Media Sources’ question matrix
io_media_privatetv	Placement of ‘media_privatetv’ in ‘Media Sources’ question matrix
io_media_publictv	Placement of ‘media_publictv’ in ‘Media Sources’ question matrix
io_media_privateradio	Placement of ‘media_privateradio’ in ‘Media Sources’ question matrix
io_media_publicradio	Placement of ‘media_publicradio’ in ‘Media Sources’ question matrix
io_media_blogs	Placement of ‘media_blogs’ in ‘Media Sources’ question matrix

Media Assessments

Descriptive Overview

Variable	Label	Stats / Values	Freqs (% of Valid)	Graph	Valid
mediabias_majority [labelled, factor]	Media Bias: Majority Next up, we are interested in your assessment of the media in Germany: Do you agree with the following statements or not? The media in Germany don't give enough room for opinions and arguments deviating from the majority's opinion.	1. Disagree 2. R. Disagree 3. R. Agree 4. Agree	151 ( 12.9% ) 434 ( 36.9% ) 388 ( 33.0% ) 202 ( 17.2% )		1175 (100.0%)
mediabias_minority [labelled, factor]	Media Bias: Minority Next up, we are interested in your assessment of the media in Germany: Do you agree with the following statements or not? The media in Germany too often represent the opinions of a loud minority.	1. Disagree 2. R. Disagree 3. R. Agree 4. Agree	204 ( 17.4% ) 467 ( 39.7% ) 327 ( 27.8% ) 177 ( 15.1% )		1175 (100.0%)
mediabias_balanced [labelled, factor]	Media Bias: Balanced Next up, we are interested in your assessment of the media in Germany: Do you agree with the following statements or not? The media in Germany present a lot of different opinions in a balanced way.	1. Disagree 2. R. Disagree 3. R. Agree 4. Agree	171 ( 14.6% ) 322 ( 27.4% ) 497 ( 42.3% ) 185 ( 15.7% )		1175 (100.0%)
mediabias_örrbiased [labelled, factor]	Media Bias: ÖRR Biased Next up, we are interested in your assessment of the media in Germany: Do you agree with the following statements or not? The public broadcast's reporting is biased.	1. Disagree 2. R. Disagree 3. R. Agree 4. Agree	174 ( 14.8% ) 399 ( 34.0% ) 377 ( 32.1% ) 225 ( 19.1% )		1175 (100.0%)
mediarep_established [labelled, factor]	Media Rep: Established Next up, we are interested in your assessment of the media in Germany: Do you agree with the following statements or not? There are established media in which I find my own opinion.	1. Disagree 2. R. Disagree 3. R. Agree 4. Agree	82 ( 7.0% ) 249 ( 21.2% ) 648 ( 55.1% ) 196 ( 16.7% )		1175 (100.0%)
mediarep_alternative [labelled, factor]	Media Rep: Alternative Next up, we are interested in your assessment of the media in Germany: Do you agree with the following statements or not? There are alternative media in which I find my own opinion.	1. Disagree 2. R. Disagree 3. R. Agree 4. Agree	219 ( 18.6% ) 371 ( 31.6% ) 430 ( 36.6% ) 155 ( 13.2% )		1175 (100.0%)
mediatrust_ard [labelled, factor]	Media Trust: ARD There are a lot of discussions currently about which information you should trust or distrust. We will now name some of the most widely used media. Please tell us, whether you rate each media outlet as trustworthy or not. Because we name a lot of different media outlets, it is very well possible that you don't know or can't evaluate all of them. Please choose 'I don't know' in such a case. ARD / tagesschau.de	1. Not Trustworthy 2. Partially 3. Trustworthy 4. Don't Know It	133 ( 11.3% ) 285 ( 24.3% ) 716 ( 61.0% ) 39 ( 3.3% )		1173 (99.8%)
mediatrust_zdf [labelled, factor]	Media Trust: ZDF There are a lot of discussions currently about which information you should trust or distrust. We will now name some of the most widely used media. Please tell us, whether you rate each media outlet as trustworthy or not. Because we name a lot of different media outlets, it is very well possible that you don't know or can't evaluate all of them. Please choose 'I don't know' in such a case. ZDF / zdf.de	1. Not Trustworthy 2. Partially 3. Trustworthy 4. Don't Know It	125 ( 10.7% ) 328 ( 28.0% ) 680 ( 58.0% ) 39 ( 3.3% )		1172 (99.7%)
mediatrust_bild [labelled, factor]	Media Trust: BILD There are a lot of discussions currently about which information you should trust or distrust. We will now name some of the most widely used media. Please tell us, whether you rate each media outlet as trustworthy or not. Because we name a lot of different media outlets, it is very well possible that you don't know or can't evaluate all of them. Please choose 'I don't know' in such a case. Die Bild / BILD TV / bild.de	1. Not Trustworthy 2. Partially 3. Trustworthy 4. Don't Know It	524 ( 44.8% ) 430 ( 36.8% ) 127 ( 10.9% ) 89 ( 7.6% )		1170 (99.6%)
mediatrust_spiegel [labelled, factor]	Media Trust: Spiegel There are a lot of discussions currently about which information you should trust or distrust. We will now name some of the most widely used media. Please tell us, whether you rate each media outlet as trustworthy or not. Because we name a lot of different media outlets, it is very well possible that you don't know or can't evaluate all of them. Please choose 'I don't know' in such a case. SPIEGEL / SPIEGEL TV / spiegel.de	1. Not Trustworthy 2. Partially 3. Trustworthy 4. Don't Know It	115 ( 9.8% ) 404 ( 34.4% ) 550 ( 46.8% ) 105 ( 8.9% )		1174 (99.9%)
mediatrust_zeit [labelled, factor]	Media Trust: ZEIT There are a lot of discussions currently about which information you should trust or distrust. We will now name some of the most widely used media. Please tell us, whether you rate each media outlet as trustworthy or not. Because we name a lot of different media outlets, it is very well possible that you don't know or can't evaluate all of them. Please choose 'I don't know' in such a case. ZEIT / zeit.de	1. Not Trustworthy 2. Partially 3. Trustworthy 4. Don't Know It	100 ( 8.5% ) 308 ( 26.3% ) 550 ( 47.0% ) 213 ( 18.2% )		1171 (99.7%)
mediatrust_tichy [labelled, factor]	Media Trust: Tichy There are a lot of discussions currently about which information you should trust or distrust. We will now name some of the most widely used media. Please tell us, whether you rate each media outlet as trustworthy or not. Because we name a lot of different media outlets, it is very well possible that you don't know or can't evaluate all of them. Please choose 'I don't know' in such a case. Tichy's Einblick	1. Not Trustworthy 2. Partially 3. Trustworthy 4. Don't Know It	106 ( 9.1% ) 100 ( 8.5% ) 86 ( 7.4% ) 878 ( 75.0% )		1170 (99.6%)
mediatrust_welt [labelled, factor]	Media Trust: Welt There are a lot of discussions currently about which information you should trust or distrust. We will now name some of the most widely used media. Please tell us, whether you rate each media outlet as trustworthy or not. Because we name a lot of different media outlets, it is very well possible that you don't know or can't evaluate all of them. Please choose 'I don't know' in such a case. Die Welt / welt.de	1. Not Trustworthy 2. Partially 3. Trustworthy 4. Don't Know It	97 ( 8.3% ) 381 ( 32.5% ) 531 ( 45.2% ) 165 ( 14.1% )		1174 (99.9%)
mediatrust_faz [labelled, factor]	Media Trust: FAZ There are a lot of discussions currently about which information you should trust or distrust. We will now name some of the most widely used media. Please tell us, whether you rate each media outlet as trustworthy or not. Because we name a lot of different media outlets, it is very well possible that you don't know or can't evaluate all of them. Please choose 'I don't know' in such a case. FAZ / faz.net	1. Not Trustworthy 2. Partially 3. Trustworthy 4. Don't Know It	90 ( 7.7% ) 313 ( 26.7% ) 529 ( 45.1% ) 241 ( 20.5% )		1173 (99.8%)
mediatrust_sz [labelled, factor]	Media Trust: SZ There are a lot of discussions currently about which information you should trust or distrust. We will now name some of the most widely used media. Please tell us, whether you rate each media outlet as trustworthy or not. Because we name a lot of different media outlets, it is very well possible that you don't know or can't evaluate all of them. Please choose 'I don't know' in such a case. Süddeutsche Zeitung / sz.de	1. Not Trustworthy 2. Partially 3. Trustworthy 4. Don't Know It	101 ( 8.6% ) 287 ( 24.5% ) 597 ( 51.0% ) 185 ( 15.8% )		1170 (99.6%)
mediatrust_reitschuster [labelled, factor]	Media Trust: Reitschuster There are a lot of discussions currently about which information you should trust or distrust. We will now name some of the most widely used media. Please tell us, whether you rate each media outlet as trustworthy or not. Because we name a lot of different media outlets, it is very well possible that you don't know or can't evaluate all of them. Please choose 'I don't know' in such a case. reitschuster.de	1. Not Trustworthy 2. Partially 3. Trustworthy 4. Don't Know It	111 ( 9.5% ) 81 ( 6.9% ) 92 ( 7.9% ) 887 ( 75.7% )		1171 (99.7%)
mediatrust_rt [labelled, factor]	Media Trust: Russia Today There are a lot of discussions currently about which information you should trust or distrust. We will now name some of the most widely used media. Please tell us, whether you rate each media outlet as trustworthy or not. Because we name a lot of different media outlets, it is very well possible that you don't know or can't evaluate all of them. Please choose 'I don't know' in such a case. Russia Today	1. Not Trustworthy 2. Partially 3. Trustworthy 4. Don't Know It	479 ( 40.9% ) 107 ( 9.1% ) 54 ( 4.6% ) 531 ( 45.3% )		1171 (99.7%)
mediatrust_pi [labelled, factor]	Media Trust: PI-News There are a lot of discussions currently about which information you should trust or distrust. We will now name some of the most widely used media. Please tell us, whether you rate each media outlet as trustworthy or not. Because we name a lot of different media outlets, it is very well possible that you don't know or can't evaluate all of them. Please choose 'I don't know' in such a case. PI-News / pi-news.net	1. Not Trustworthy 2. Partially 3. Trustworthy 4. Don't Know It	96 ( 8.2% ) 93 ( 8.0% ) 56 ( 4.8% ) 921 ( 79.0% )		1166 (99.2%)
mediatrust_jungefr [labelled, factor]	Media Trust: Junge Freiheit There are a lot of discussions currently about which information you should trust or distrust. We will now name some of the most widely used media. Please tell us, whether you rate each media outlet as trustworthy or not. Because we name a lot of different media outlets, it is very well possible that you don't know or can't evaluate all of them. Please choose 'I don't know' in such a case. Junge Freiheit / jungefreiheit.de	1. Not Trustworthy 2. Partially 3. Trustworthy 4. Don't Know It	149 ( 12.8% ) 124 ( 10.6% ) 85 ( 7.3% ) 810 ( 69.3% )		1168 (99.4%)
mediatrust_compact [labelled, factor]	Media Trust: Compact There are a lot of discussions currently about which information you should trust or distrust. We will now name some of the most widely used media. Please tell us, whether you rate each media outlet as trustworthy or not. Because we name a lot of different media outlets, it is very well possible that you don't know or can't evaluate all of them. Please choose 'I don't know' in such a case. Compact / compact-online.de	1. Not Trustworthy 2. Partially 3. Trustworthy 4. Don't Know It	97 ( 8.3% ) 149 ( 12.7% ) 116 ( 9.9% ) 810 ( 69.1% )		1172 (99.7%)
mediatrust_taz [labelled, factor]	Media Trust: taz There are a lot of discussions currently about which information you should trust or distrust. We will now name some of the most widely used media. Please tell us, whether you rate each media outlet as trustworthy or not. Because we name a lot of different media outlets, it is very well possible that you don't know or can't evaluate all of them. Please choose 'I don't know' in such a case. taz / taz.de	1. Not Trustworthy 2. Partially 3. Trustworthy 4. Don't Know It	130 ( 11.1% ) 381 ( 32.6% ) 354 ( 30.3% ) 304 ( 26.0% )		1169 (99.5%)
mediatrust_jungewelt [labelled, factor]	Media Trust: Junge Welt There are a lot of discussions currently about which information you should trust or distrust. We will now name some of the most widely used media. Please tell us, whether you rate each media outlet as trustworthy or not. Because we name a lot of different media outlets, it is very well possible that you don't know or can't evaluate all of them. Please choose 'I don't know' in such a case. junge Welt / jungewelt.de	1. Not Trustworthy 2. Partially 3. Trustworthy 4. Don't Know It	133 ( 11.4% ) 170 ( 14.5% ) 78 ( 6.7% ) 788 ( 67.4% )		1169 (99.5%)
mediatrust_sat1 [labelled, factor]	Media Trust: SAT1 There are a lot of discussions currently about which information you should trust or distrust. We will now name some of the most widely used media. Please tell us, whether you rate each media outlet as trustworthy or not. Because we name a lot of different media outlets, it is very well possible that you don't know or can't evaluate all of them. Please choose 'I don't know' in such a case. Sat.1 / sat1.de	1. Not Trustworthy 2. Partially 3. Trustworthy 4. Don't Know It	186 ( 15.9% ) 582 ( 49.7% ) 322 ( 27.5% ) 81 ( 6.9% )		1171 (99.7%)
mediatrust_pro7 [labelled, factor]	Media Trust: Pro7 There are a lot of discussions currently about which information you should trust or distrust. We will now name some of the most widely used media. Please tell us, whether you rate each media outlet as trustworthy or not. Because we name a lot of different media outlets, it is very well possible that you don't know or can't evaluate all of them. Please choose 'I don't know' in such a case. ProSieben / prosieben.de	1. Not Trustworthy 2. Partially 3. Trustworthy 4. Don't Know It	196 ( 16.7% ) 602 ( 51.4% ) 285 ( 24.3% ) 88 ( 7.5% )		1171 (99.7%)
mediatrust_rtl [labelled, factor]	Media Trust: RTL There are a lot of discussions currently about which information you should trust or distrust. We will now name some of the most widely used media. Please tell us, whether you rate each media outlet as trustworthy or not. Because we name a lot of different media outlets, it is very well possible that you don't know or can't evaluate all of them. Please choose 'I don't know' in such a case. RTL / rtl.de	1. Not Trustworthy 2. Partially 3. Trustworthy 4. Don't Know It	235 ( 20.1% ) 573 ( 49.0% ) 308 ( 26.3% ) 54 ( 4.6% )		1170 (99.6%)
mediasfs_often [labelled, factor]	Media SFS: Often Now it is about the perception of the topic 'free speech' in media. Please indicate, how much you agree or disagree to the following statements. I frequently noticed the topic 'freedom of speech in Germany' in the media lately.	1. Don't Agree 2. R. Don't Agree 3. Partially 4. R. Agree 5. Agree	125 ( 10.6% ) 244 ( 20.8% ) 387 ( 32.9% ) 328 ( 27.9% ) 91 ( 7.7% )		1175 (100.0%)
mediasfs_searching [labelled, factor]	Media SFS: Searching Now it is about the perception of the topic 'free speech' in media. Please indicate, how much you agree or disagree to the following statements. I search purposefully for new information on the state of freedom of speech in Germany in the media.	1. Don't Agree 2. R. Don't Agree 3. Partially 4. R. Agree 5. Agree	315 ( 26.8% ) 362 ( 30.8% ) 322 ( 27.4% ) 136 ( 11.6% ) 40 ( 3.4% )		1175 (100.0%)
mediasfs_report [labelled, factor]	Media SFS: Report Now it is about the perception of the topic 'free speech' in media. Please indicate, how much you agree or disagree to the following statements. The media reports that freedom of speech is restricted in Germany.	1. Don't Agree 2. R. Don't Agree 3. Partially 4. R. Agree 5. Agree	303 ( 25.8% ) 336 ( 28.6% ) 368 ( 31.3% ) 120 ( 10.2% ) 48 ( 4.1% )		1175 (100.0%)

Randomization Variables

Variables	Meaning
	MEDIA BIAS
io_mediabias_majority	Placement of ‘mediabias_majority’ in ‘Media Bias’ question matrix
io_mediabias_minority	Placement of ‘mediabias_minority’ in ‘Media Bias’ question matrix
io_mediabias_balanced	Placement of ‘mediabias_balanced’ in ‘Media Bias’ question matrix
io_mediabias_örrbiased	Placement of ‘mediabias_örrbiased’ in ‘Media Bias’ question matrix
io_mediabias_established	Placement of ‘mediabias_established’ in ‘Media Bias’ question matrix
	MEDIA REPRESENTATION
io_mediarep_established	Placement of ‘mediarep_established’ in ‘Media Bias’ question matrix
io_mediarep_alternative	Placement of ‘mediarep_alternative’ in ‘Media Bias’ question matrix
	MEDIA TRUST
io_mediatrust_ard	Placement of ‘mediatrust_ard’ in ‘Media Trust’ question matrix
io_mediatrust_zdf	Placement of ‘mediatrust_zdf’ in ‘Media Trust’ question matrix
io_mediatrust_bild	Placement of ‘mediatrust_bild’ in ‘Media Trust’ question matrix
io_mediatrust_spiegel	Placement of ‘mediatrust_spiegel’ in ‘Media Trust’ question matrix
io_mediatrust_zeit	Placement of ‘mediatrust_zeit’ in ‘Media Trust’ question matrix
io_mediatrust_tichy	Placement of ‘mediatrust_tichy’ in ‘Media Trust’ question matrix
io_mediatrust_welt	Placement of ‘mediatrust_welt’ in ‘Media Trust’ question matrix
io_mediatrust_faz	Placement of ‘mediatrust_faz’ in ‘Media Trust’ question matrix
io_mediatrust_sz	Placement of ‘mediatrust_sz’ in ‘Media Trust’ question matrix
io_mediatrust_reitschuster	Placement of ‘mediatrust_reitschuster’ in ‘Media Trust’ question matrix
io_mediatrust_rt	Placement of ‘mediatrust_rt’ in ‘Media Trust’ question matrix
io_mediatrust_pi	Placement of ‘mediatrust_pi’ in ‘Media Trust’ question matrix
io_mediatrust_jungefr	Placement of ‘mediatrust_jungefr’ in ‘Media Trust’ question matrix
io_mediatrust_compact	Placement of ‘mediatrust_compact’ in ‘Media Trust’ question matrix
io_mediatrust_taz	Placement of ‘mediatrust_taz’ in ‘Media Trust’ question matrix
io_mediatrust_jungewelt	Placement of ‘mediatrust_jungewelt’ in ‘Media Trust’ question matrix
io_mediatrust_sat1	Placement of ‘mediatrust_sat1’ in ‘Media Trust’ question matrix
io_mediatrust_pro7	Placement of ‘mediatrust_pro7’ in ‘Media Trust’ question matrix
io_mediatrust_rtl	Placement of ‘mediatrust_rtl’ in ‘Media Trust’ question matrix

Partisanship

Descriptive Overview

Variable	Label	Stats / Values	Freqs (% of Valid)	Graph	Valid
pid [labelled, factor]	Party PID Now to a different topic: In Germany many people lean towards one specific political party for a long period of time, even though they sometimes also vote for a different party. How is it for you: Do you - generally speaking - lean towards some particular political party? If so, which one?	1. Left 2. Greens 3. SPD 4. CDU 5. CSU 6. FDP 7. AfD 8. Other 9. None	99 ( 8.4% ) 175 ( 14.9% ) 193 ( 16.4% ) 154 ( 13.1% ) 60 ( 5.1% ) 76 ( 6.5% ) 124 ( 10.6% ) 33 ( 2.8% ) 261 ( 22.2% )		1175 (100.0%)
pid_other [labelled, factor]	Party PID: Other Now to a different topic: In Germany many people lean towards one specific political party for a long period of time, even though they sometimes also vote for a different party. How is it for you: Do you - generally speaking - lean towards some particular political party? If so, which one? Filter: pid != 'None'	1. Basis 2. Bündnis C 3. CSU 4. Demokratische Basis 5. die 6. die Basis 7. Die Basis 8. Die Partei 9. Die Tierpartei 10. freie Wähler [ 16 others ]	1 ( 3.0% ) 1 ( 3.0% ) 1 ( 3.0% ) 1 ( 3.0% ) 1 ( 3.0% ) 1 ( 3.0% ) 1 ( 3.0% ) 2 ( 6.1% ) 1 ( 3.0% ) 2 ( 6.1% ) 21 ( 63.6% )		33 (2.8%)
nid [labelled, factor]	Party NID Sometimes people also feel aversion towards some political party. What is it like for you: Is there a particular party that you - generally speaking - feel aversion towards?	1. Left 2. Greens 3. SPD 4. CDU 5. CSU 6. FDP 7. AfD 8. Other 9. None	67 ( 5.7% ) 237 ( 20.2% ) 30 ( 2.6% ) 37 ( 3.1% ) 18 ( 1.5% ) 22 ( 1.9% ) 657 ( 55.9% ) 9 ( 0.8% ) 98 ( 8.3% )		1175 (100.0%)
nid_other [labelled, factor]	Party NID: Other Sometimes people also feel aversion towards some political party. What is it like for you: Is there a particular party that you - generally speaking - fee aversion towards? Filter: nid != 'None'	1. Afd 2. AFD 3. alle 4. alle aufgelisteten 5. alle oben genannten 6. Bm.basis 7. eigentlich alle Parteien 8. Ich bin fast allen Partei 9. Nazis	1 ( 11.1% ) 1 ( 11.1% ) 1 ( 11.1% ) 1 ( 11.1% ) 1 ( 11.1% ) 1 ( 11.1% ) 1 ( 11.1% ) 1 ( 11.1% ) 1 ( 11.1% )		9 (0.8%)
aff_pos_criticism [labelled, factor]	Pos Aff Scale: Criticism Please indicate, how much you agree to the following statements. When people critizise [PID], I feel personally insulted. Filter: pid != 'None'	1. Don't Agree 2. R. Don't Agree 3. Partially 4. R. Agree 5. Agree	308 ( 33.7% ) 266 ( 29.1% ) 220 ( 24.1% ) 91 ( 10.0% ) 29 ( 3.2% )		914 (77.8%)
aff_pos_positive [labelled, factor]	Pos Aff Scale: Positive Please indicate, how much you agree to the following statements. When people speak positively about [PID], I get a good feeling. Filter: pid != 'None'	1. Don't Agree 2. R. Don't Agree 3. Partially 4. R. Agree 5. Agree	32 ( 3.5% ) 42 ( 4.6% ) 327 ( 35.8% ) 337 ( 36.9% ) 176 ( 19.3% )		914 (77.8%)
aff_pos_similar [labelled, factor]	Pos Aff Scale: Similar Please indicate, how much you agree to the following statements. People who support [PID], are usually similar to me. Filter: pid != 'None'	1. Don't Agree 2. R. Don't Agree 3. Partially 4. R. Agree 5. Agree	16 ( 1.8% ) 55 ( 6.0% ) 424 ( 46.4% ) 318 ( 34.8% ) 101 ( 11.1% )		914 (77.8%)

Variables	Meaning
	POSITIVE & NEGATIVE PARTISAN IDs
io_pid_left	Placement of Party ‘Left’ in ‘Positive Partisanship’ answering matrix
io_pid_greens	Placement of Party ‘Greens’ in ‘Positive Partisanship’ answering matrix
io_pid_spd	Placement of Party ‘SPD’ in ‘Positive Partisanship’ answering matrix
io_pid_cdu	Placement of Party ‘CDU’ in ‘Positive Partisanship’ answering matrix
io_pid_csu	Placement of Party ‘CSU’ in ‘Positive Partisanship’ answering matrix
io_pid_fdp	Placement of Party ‘FDP’ in ‘Positive Partisanship’ answering matrix
io_pid_afd	Placement of Party ‘AfD’ in ‘Positive Partisanship’ answering matrix
io_nid_left	Placement of Party ‘Left’ in ‘Negative Partisanship’ answering matrix
io_nid_greens	Placement of Party ‘Greens’ in ‘Negative Partisanship’ answering matrix
io_nid_spd	Placement of Party ‘SPD’ in ‘Negative Partisanship’ answering matrix
io_nid_cdu	Placement of Party ‘CDU’ in ‘Negative Partisanship’ answering matrix
io_nid_csu	Placement of Party ‘CSU’ in ‘Negative Partisanship’ answering matrix
io_nid_fdp	Placement of Party ‘FDP’ in ‘Negative Partisanship’ answering matrix
io_nid_afd	Placement of Party ‘AfD’ in ‘Negative Partisanship’ answering matrix
	AFFECTIVE POLARIZATION SCALE
io_aff_pos_criticism	Placement of ‘aff_pos_criticism’ in ‘Positive Affective Partisanship’ question matrix
io_aff_pos_positive	Placement of ‘aff_pos_positive’ in ‘Positive Affective Partisanship’ question matrix
io_aff_pos_similar	Placement of ‘aff_pos_similar’ in ‘Positive Affective Partisanship’ question matrix

Conjoint Experiment: Identification & Prestige

Variables

Note: There were five tasks in which respondents had to choose between two randomized conjoint profiles(Person A and Person B) whom ‘they feel more connected to’. Subsequently, they were asked for both profiles (on a scale from 0-10, how connected they feel to this person) The variables for all five iterations follow the same logic as the one presented below (replacing “1” with the numbers ‘2’ to ‘5’).

Example Statement with randomization variable labels in brackets: Ein männlicher [Female] Politiker [Speaker ID], der regelmäßg [Frequency] Homosexuelle [Target ID & Targetgroup] im Internet [Context] bedroht [Content], sollte keine Geldstrafe zahlen müssen [Response], auch wenn diese Gruppe sich beleidigt fühlt [Reaction].

Variables	Meaning
prime	Wether respondents received a prime before the conjoint or not (see below for more information
	OUTCOME VARIABLES
socconj1_decision	Wording: Which of these two people do you feel more connected to?
socconj1_a_connect	Wording: On a scale from 0 (not at all connected) to 10 (very strongly connected), how strongly do you feel connected to Person A ?
socconj1_b_connect	Wording: On a scale from 0 (not at all connected) to 10 (very strongly connected), how strongly do you feel connected to Person B ?
socconj1_a_prestige	Wording: The German republic’s society can be divided into different social classes. On a scale from 0 (at the bottom) to 10 (at the top), in which social class is Person A located?
socconj1_b_prestige	Wording: The German republic’s society can be divided into different social classes. On a scale from 0 (at the bottom) to 10 (at the top), in which social class is Person B located?
	RANDOMIZED PROFILE ATTRIBUTES
socconj_1a_age / socconj_1b_age	Person A / B’s Age
socconj_1a_sex / socconj_1b_sex	Person A / B’s Sex
socconj_1a_nat / socconj_1b_nat	Person A / B’s Nationality
socconj_1a_urban / socconj_1b_urban	Urbanity of Person A / B’s Residence
socconj_1a_edu / socconj_1b_edu	Person A / B’s Education
socconj_1a_job / socconj_1b_job	Person A / B’s Job
socconj_1a_inc / socconj_1b_inc	Person A / B’s Income
socconj_1a_pol / socconj_1b_pol	Person A / B’s Political Affiliation

Additional Randomizations

Prime Logic:

If pid != ‘None’, 50% receive the partisan prime, 50% do not receive a prime.

If pid == ‘None’, 50% receive the placebo prime, 50% do not receive a prime.

• socconj_partisanprime denotes the open entry for those who received the partisan prime experimental condition with the prompt: “Its generally said, that supporters of the same party are connected by many things. For example their financial situation, their hobbies or political opinions. When you think about yourself: What connects you personally with the average voter of [PID]? Please write 2-3 sentences.”
• socconj_placeboprime denotes the open entry for those who received the placebo prime experimental condition with the prompt: “Please write 2-3 sentences about how your perfect vacation would look like.”

Variables	Meaning
bo_socconj	Whether the Conjoint was presented before or after the PID scale items
bo_pidscale	Whether the PID scale items was presented before or after the Conjoint

Note: All five pages of the this conjoint experiment have also been timed. Variables are stored as ‘socconj1_timing_first’ [time until first click], ‘socconj1_timing_last’ [time until last click], ‘socconj1_timing_total’ [time until exiting page], and ‘socconj1_clickcount’ [no. of clicks]. Replace socconj1 with 2-5 for other iterations.

SFS Variables

Descriptive Overview

Variable	Label	Stats / Values	Freqs (% of Valid)	Graph	Valid
sfs_meaning [labelled, character]	SFS Meaning And now asked again completely generally: What does 'freedom of speech' mean for you personally?	1. -99 2. alles 3. Freie Meinungsäußerung 4. Weiß nicht 5. - 6. Freiheit 7. gut 8. ---- 9. Alles sagen zu können 10. das ich sagen kann was ic [ 1076 others ]	56 ( 4.8% ) 5 ( 0.4% ) 4 ( 0.3% ) 4 ( 0.3% ) 3 ( 0.3% ) 3 ( 0.3% ) 3 ( 0.3% ) 2 ( 0.2% ) 2 ( 0.2% ) 2 ( 0.2% ) 1091 ( 92.9% )		1175 (100.0%)
sfs_usa_state [labelled, numeric]	SFS State: USA How freely can the people in the USA express their opinions, without having to fear the state? -5: Unfree; 0 = Don't Know; 5 = Free	Mean (sd) : 1.9 (2.5) min ≤ med ≤ max: -5 ≤ 2 ≤ 5 IQR (CV) : 4 (1.3)	11 distinct values		398 (33.9%)
sfs_usa_public [labelled, numeric]	SFS Public: USA How freely can the people in the USA express their opinions, without having to fear their fellow citizens? -5: Unfree; 0 = Don't Know; 5 = Free	Mean (sd) : 0.6 (2.7) min ≤ med ≤ max: -5 ≤ 1 ≤ 5 IQR (CV) : 5 (4.5)	11 distinct values		390 (33.2%)
sfs_china_state [labelled, numeric]	SFS State: China How freely can the people in China express their opinions, without having to fear the state? -5: Unfree; 0 = Don't Know; 5 = Free	Mean (sd) : -3.8 (2) min ≤ med ≤ max: -5 ≤ -5 ≤ 5 IQR (CV) : 1.8 (-0.5)	11 distinct values		406 (34.6%)
sfs_china_public [labelled, numeric]	SFS Public: China How freely can the people in China express their opinions, without having to fear their fellow citizens? -5: Unfree; 0 = Don't Know; 5 = Free	Mean (sd) : -3 (2.2) min ≤ med ≤ max: -5 ≤ -4 ≤ 5 IQR (CV) : 3 (-0.7)	11 distinct values		373 (31.7%)
sfs_poland_state [labelled, numeric]	SFS State: Poland How freely can the people in Poland express their opinions, without having to fear the state? -5: Unfree; 0 = Don't Know; 5 = Free	Mean (sd) : 0.4 (2.6) min ≤ med ≤ max: -5 ≤ 1 ≤ 5 IQR (CV) : 3 (6.2)	11 distinct values		346 (29.4%)
sfs_poland_public [labelled, numeric]	SFS Public: Poland How freely can the people in Poland express their opinions, without having to fear their fellow citizens? -5: Unfree; 0 = Don't Know; 5 = Free	Mean (sd) : 0.7 (2.5) min ≤ med ≤ max: -5 ≤ 1 ≤ 5 IQR (CV) : 4 (3.5)	11 distinct values		337 (28.7%)
sfs_hungary_state [labelled, numeric]	SFS State: Hungary How freely can the people in Hungary express their opinions, without having to fear the state? -5: Unfree; 0 = Don't Know; 5 = Free	Mean (sd) : -0.8 (2.7) min ≤ med ≤ max: -5 ≤ -1 ≤ 5 IQR (CV) : 4 (-3.4)	11 distinct values		330 (28.1%)
sfs_hungary_public [labelled, numeric]	SFS Public: Hungary How freely can the people in Hungary express their opinions, without having to fear their fellow citizens? -5: Unfree; 0 = Don't Know; 5 = Free	Mean (sd) : 0 (2.8) min ≤ med ≤ max: -5 ≤ 0 ≤ 5 IQR (CV) : 4 (-97.3)	11 distinct values		318 (27.1%)
sfs_nkorea_state [labelled, numeric]	SFS State: North Korea How freely can the people in North Korea express their opinions, without having to fear the state? -5: Unfree; 0 = Don't Know; 5 = Free	Mean (sd) : -4 (2) min ≤ med ≤ max: -5 ≤ -5 ≤ 5 IQR (CV) : 1 (-0.5)	11 distinct values		408 (34.7%)
sfs_nkorea_public [labelled, numeric]	SFS Public: North Korea How freely can the people in North Korea express their opinions, without having to fear their fellow citizens? -5: Unfree; 0 = Don't Know; 5 = Free	Mean (sd) : -3.4 (2.3) min ≤ med ≤ max: -5 ≤ -4 ≤ 5 IQR (CV) : 2 (-0.7)	11 distinct values		385 (32.8%)
sfs_germany_state [labelled, numeric]	SFS State: Germany How freely can the people in Germany express their opinions, without having to fear the state? -5: Unfree; 0 = Don't Know; 5 = Free	Mean (sd) : 2.1 (2.8) min ≤ med ≤ max: -5 ≤ 3 ≤ 5 IQR (CV) : 3.2 (1.4)	11 distinct values		444 (37.8%)
sfs_germany_public [labelled, numeric]	SFS Public: Germany How freely can the people in Germany express their opinions, without having to fear their fellow citizens? -5: Unfree; 0 = Don't Know; 5 = Free	Mean (sd) : 1.3 (2.7) min ≤ med ≤ max: -5 ≤ 2 ≤ 5 IQR (CV) : 4 (2.1)	11 distinct values		441 (37.5%)
sfs_turkey_state [labelled, numeric]	SFS State: Turkey How freely can the people in Turkey express their opinions, without having to fear the state? -5: Unfree; 0 = Don't Know; 5 = Free	Mean (sd) : -2.9 (2.2) min ≤ med ≤ max: -5 ≤ -3 ≤ 5 IQR (CV) : 3 (-0.8)	11 distinct values		401 (34.1%)
sfs_turkey_public [labelled, numeric]	SFS Public: Turkey How freely can the people in Turkey express their opinions, without having to fear their fellow citizens? -5: Unfree; 0 = Don't Know; 5 = Free	Mean (sd) : -1.9 (2.3) min ≤ med ≤ max: -5 ≤ -2 ≤ 5 IQR (CV) : 4 (-1.2)	11 distinct values		370 (31.5%)
sfs_nether_state [labelled, numeric]	SFS State: Netherlands How freely can the people in the Netherlands express their opinions, without having to fear the state? -5: Unfree; 0 = Don't Know; 5 = Free	Mean (sd) : 3.2 (1.9) min ≤ med ≤ max: -5 ≤ 4 ≤ 5 IQR (CV) : 3 (0.6)	11 distinct values		396 (33.7%)
sfs_nether_public [labelled, numeric]	SFS Public: Netherlands How freely can the people in the Netherlands express their opinions, without having to fear their fellow citizens? -5: Unfree; 0 = Don't Know; 5 = Free	Mean (sd) : 2.9 (2) min ≤ med ≤ max: -5 ≤ 3 ≤ 5 IQR (CV) : 2 (0.7)	11 distinct values		380 (32.3%)
sfs_uk_state [labelled, numeric]	SFS State: UK How freely can the people in the United Kingdom express their opinions, without having to fear the state? -5: Unfree; 0 = Don't Know; 5 = Free	Mean (sd) : 2.6 (2.1) min ≤ med ≤ max: -5 ≤ 3 ≤ 5 IQR (CV) : 2 (0.8)	11 distinct values		371 (31.6%)
sfs_uk_public [labelled, numeric]	SFS Public: UK How freely can the people in the United Kingdom express their opinions, without having to fear their fellow citizens? -5: Unfree; 0 = Don't Know; 5 = Free	Mean (sd) : 2.2 (2.1) min ≤ med ≤ max: -5 ≤ 3 ≤ 5 IQR (CV) : 3 (1)	11 distinct values		360 (30.6%)
sfs_brazil_state [labelled, numeric]	SFS State: Brazil How freely can the people in Brazil express their opinions, without having to fear the state? -5: Unfree; 0 = Don't Know; 5 = Free	Mean (sd) : -0.5 (2.5) min ≤ med ≤ max: -5 ≤ -1 ≤ 5 IQR (CV) : 3.2 (-4.7)	11 distinct values		328 (27.9%)
sfs_brazil_public [labelled, numeric]	SFS Public: Brazil How freely can the people in Brazil express their opinions, without having to fear their fellow citizens? -5: Unfree; 0 = Don't Know; 5 = Free	Mean (sd) : -0.5 (2.5) min ≤ med ≤ max: -5 ≤ -1 ≤ 5 IQR (CV) : 3 (-4.8)	11 distinct values		314 (26.7%)
sfs [labelled, factor]	SFS Now it is about freedom of speech. How free or unfree do you feel to say what you really think?	1. Unfree 2. R. Unfree 3. R. Free 4. Free	76 ( 6.5% ) 190 ( 16.2% ) 487 ( 41.4% ) 422 ( 35.9% )		1175 (100.0%)
sfs_threatening [labelled, factor]	SFS Battery: Threatening Now some statements about free speech in Germany will follow. Please indicate, how strongly you generally agree or disagree with each statement. Completely normal expressions of opinion are viewed as threats to society by some people in Germany.	1. Don't Agree 2. R. Don't Agree 3. R. Agree 4. Agree	29 ( 7.5% ) 110 ( 28.5% ) 168 ( 43.5% ) 79 ( 20.5% )		386 (32.9%)
sfs_leftdict [labelled, factor]	SFS Battery: Left Dictatorship Now some statements about free speech in Germany will follow. Please indicate, how strongly you generally agree or disagree with each statement. There is a leftist-green dictatorship of opinion in Germany.	1. Don't Agree 2. R. Don't Agree 3. R. Agree 4. Agree	105 ( 26.5% ) 132 ( 33.3% ) 97 ( 24.5% ) 62 ( 15.7% )		396 (33.7%)
sfs_rightdict [labelled, factor]	SFS Battery: Right Dictatorship Now some statements about free speech in Germany will follow. Please indicate, how strongly you generally agree or disagree with each statement. There is a right wing-conservative dictatorship of opinion in Germany.	1. Don't Agree 2. R. Don't Agree 3. R. Agree 4. Agree	124 ( 32.6% ) 133 ( 35.0% ) 106 ( 27.9% ) 17 ( 4.5% )		380 (32.3%)
sfs_elite [labelled, factor]	SFS Battery: Elite Now some statements about free speech in Germany will follow. Please indicate, how strongly you generally agree or disagree with each statement. Sometimes opinions are silenced by the elite in Germany.	1. Don't Agree 2. R. Don't Agree 3. R. Agree 4. Agree	73 ( 16.8% ) 123 ( 28.3% ) 165 ( 38.0% ) 73 ( 16.8% )		434 (36.9%)
sfs_lawful [labelled, factor]	SFS Battery: Lawful Now some statements about free speech in Germany will follow. Please indicate, how strongly you generally agree or disagree with each statement. Free speech is well protected legally in Germany.	1. Don't Agree 2. R. Don't Agree 3. R. Agree 4. Agree	35 ( 9.0% ) 71 ( 18.3% ) 173 ( 44.6% ) 109 ( 28.1% )		388 (33.0%)
sfs_lawless [labelled, factor]	SFS Battery: Lawless Now some statements about free speech in Germany will follow. Please indicate, how strongly you generally agree or disagree with each statement. The legal garanty for freedom of speech is meaningless, because parts of German society suppress opinions anyways.	1. Don't Agree 2. R. Don't Agree 3. R. Agree 4. Agree	53 ( 13.3% ) 128 ( 32.2% ) 147 ( 36.9% ) 70 ( 17.6% )		398 (33.9%)
sfs_taboo [labelled, factor]	SFS Battery: Taboo Now some statements about free speech in Germany will follow. Please indicate, how strongly you generally agree or disagree with each statement. There are lots of unwritten laws in Germany about which opinions are acceptable and permissible and which opinions are rather taboo.	1. Don't Agree 2. R. Don't Agree 3. R. Agree 4. Agree	22 ( 5.8% ) 82 ( 21.6% ) 188 ( 49.6% ) 87 ( 23.0% )		379 (32.3%)
sfs_controversial [labelled, factor]	SFS Battery: Controversial Now some statements about free speech in Germany will follow. Please indicate, how strongly you generally agree or disagree with each statement. In Germany you can voice critical opinions publicly even about very controversial topics.	1. Don't Agree 2. R. Don't Agree 3. R. Agree 4. Agree	39 ( 10.1% ) 97 ( 25.0% ) 171 ( 44.1% ) 81 ( 20.9% )		388 (33.0%)
sfs_critized [labelled, factor]	SFS Battery: Critizized Now some statements about free speech in Germany will follow. Please indicate, how strongly you generally agree or disagree with each statement. You can't voice your opinion in Germany openly, without the risk of being harshly critizised or attacked.	1. Don't Agree 2. R. Don't Agree 3. R. Agree 4. Agree	55 ( 13.9% ) 128 ( 32.4% ) 133 ( 33.7% ) 79 ( 20.0% )		395 (33.6%)
sfs_limited [labelled, factor]	SFS Battery: Limited Now some statements about free speech in Germany will follow. Please indicate, how strongly you generally agree or disagree with each statement. Free spech in Germany is restricted.	1. Don't Agree 2. R. Don't Agree 3. R. Agree 4. Agree	122 ( 30.3% ) 129 ( 32.1% ) 86 ( 21.4% ) 65 ( 16.2% )		402 (34.2%)
sfs_free [labelled, factor]	SFS Battery: Free Now some statements about free speech in Germany will follow. Please indicate, how strongly you generally agree or disagree with each statement. In Germany you can openly express your opinions about any topic.	1. Don't Agree 2. R. Don't Agree 3. R. Agree 4. Agree	58 ( 15.8% ) 82 ( 22.4% ) 151 ( 41.3% ) 75 ( 20.5% )		366 (31.1%)
sfs_wrongword [labelled, factor]	SFS Battery: Wrong Word Now some statements about free speech in Germany will follow. Please indicate, how strongly you generally agree or disagree with each statement. Whoever uses a 'wrong' word in Germany is critizised too quickly.	1. Don't Agree 2. R. Don't Agree 3. R. Agree 4. Agree	34 ( 8.8% ) 93 ( 24.0% ) 157 ( 40.5% ) 104 ( 26.8% )		388 (33.0%)

Randomization Variables

Variables	Meaning
	SFS BATTERY
io_sfs_threatening	Placement of ‘sfs_threatening’ in ‘SFS Battery’ question matrix
io_sfs_leftdict	Placement of ‘sfs_leftdict’ in ‘SFS Battery’ question matrix
io_sfs_rightdict	Placement of ‘sfs_rightdict’ in ‘SFS Battery’ question matrix
io_sfs_elite	Placement of ‘sfs_elite’ in ‘SFS Battery’ question matrix
io_sfs_lawful	Placement of ‘sfs_lawful’ in ‘SFS Battery’ question matrix
io_sfs_lawless	Placement of ‘sfs_lawless’ in ‘SFS Battery’ question matrix
io_sfs_taboo	Placement of ‘sfs_taboo’ in ‘SFS Battery’ question matrix
io_sfs_controversial	Placement of ‘sfs_controversial’ in ‘SFS Battery’ question matrix
io_sfs_critized	Placement of ‘sfs_critized’ in ‘SFS Battery’ question matrix
io_sfs_limited	Placement of ‘sfs_limited’ in ‘SFS Battery’ question matrix
io_sfs_free	Placement of ‘sfs_free’ in ‘SFS Battery’ question matrix
io_sfs_wrongword	Placement of ‘sfs_wrongword’ in ‘SFS Battery’ question matrix
	STATE EVALUATION: PUBLIC VS. STATE
qo_sfs_countries_public	Placement of ‘Public’ item in all country evaluations
qo_sfs-Countries_state	Placement of ‘State’ item in all country evaluations

Note: Every respondent got presented four out of the ten available countries For all other countries, respondents have the Value ‘NA’. Unfortunately, it is not recorded in which order the countries were presented.

Socio-Demographics

Descriptive Overview

Variable	Label	Stats / Values	Freqs (% of Valid)	Graph	Valid
urban [labelled, factor]	Urbanity Which of the following categories describes best where you live?	1. Countryside 2. Small Town 3. Large City	0 ( 0.0% ) 424 ( 47.8% ) 463 ( 52.2% )		887 (75.5%)
income [labelled, factor]	Income How high is your monthly net income? Meant is the amount that remains for you personally after deduction of taxes and social insurance premiums.	1. None 2. < 500 3. 500 - 749 4. 750 - 999 5. 1000 - 1249 6. 1250 - 1499 7. 1500 - 1999 8. 2000 - 2499 9. 2500 - 2999 10. 3000 - 3999 [ 2 others ]	38 ( 3.2% ) 28 ( 2.4% ) 26 ( 2.2% ) 58 ( 4.9% ) 74 ( 6.3% ) 167 ( 14.2% ) 16 ( 1.4% ) 224 ( 19.1% ) 182 ( 15.5% ) 185 ( 15.8% ) 176 ( 15.0% )		1174 (99.9%)